1177 B.C.—The Collapse of Bronze Age Civilization
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Footnotes
1. For more on the Late Bronze Age powers, see Gernot Wilhelm, “When a Mittani Princess Joined Pharaoh’s Harem,” Archaeology Odyssey, May/June 2001; Marian Feldman, “The Iconography of Power: Reading Late Bronze Age Symbols,” Archaeology Odyssey, May/June 2002; Barry Unsworth, “Imagining the Minoans,” Archaeology Odyssey, March/April 2004; Hershel Shanks, “The Hittites: Between Tradition and History,” BAR, March/April 2016.
2. Cemal Pulak, “Shipwreck! Recovering 3,000-Year-Old Cargo,” Archaeology Odyssey, September/October 1999; Eric H. Cline, “Littoral Truths: The Perils of Seafaring in the Bronze Age,” Archaeology Odyssey, November/December 1999.
3. Hershel Shanks, “The Trowel vs. the Text: How the Amarna Letters Challenge Archaeology,” BAR, January/February 2009; Edward L. Greenstein, “Texts from Ugarit Solve Biblical Puzzles,” BAR, November/December 2010.
Endnotes
1.
Cited in Fiona Harvey, “Humanity Under Threat from Perfect Storm of Crises—Study,” The Guardian (February 6, 2020).
2.
For more on this pivotal moment in antiquity, see Eric H. Cline, 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed, rev. ed. (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2021). Parts of this essay are adapted from material in that updated edition; footnotes and full citations have not been included here but can be found therein.