BAR's Bicentennial Salute—The United States Navy Explores the Holy Land - The BAS Library
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BAR’s Bicentennial Salute—The United States Navy Explores the Holy Land

By Emanuel Levine

In 1847 Lieutenant William F. Lynch of the United States Navy had completed his tour of duty in the recent Mexican War. He was restless and 46 years old. For 20 years he had had a dream. The time had come to realize his dream.

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Endnotes

1.

For provocative accounts of these expeditions, see Hunter A. Dupree, Science in the Federal Government (Harper; 1964), Chapter V; Clarence G. Lasby, “Science and the Military”, in David D. Van Tassel and Michael G. Hall (eds.), Science and Society in the United States (Dorsey Press; 1966), pp. 251–288; and George H. Daniels, American Science in the Age of Jackson (New York, 1968), Chapter I.

2.

Hereafter abbreviated as Narrative. All quotations are from the first edition, 1849.

3.

The official report followed three years later; Official Report of the United States’ Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the River Jordan (Baltimore, John Murphy, 1852).

4.

James A. Field Jr., America and the Mediterranean World, 1776–1882 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 278.

5.

Narrative, p. 69.

6.

Narrative, p. 226.

7.

Narrative, p. 260.

8.

See Efraim Orni and Elisha Efrat, Geography of Israel, 3rd rev. ed., 1973, pp. 83–106.

9.

Narrative, p 302.

10.

Narrative, p. 307.

11.

Narrative, p. 310.

12.

Harland, “Sodom and Gomorrah—The Location of the Cities of the Plain,” The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. V, May (1942), p. 29.

13.

Narrative, p. 318.

14.

See American Schools of Oriental Research, Newsletter, Nos. 3–4, (October–November, 1975), pp. 1–4.

15.

Narrative, p. 366, and David H. Finnie, Pioneers East (Cambridge; 1967), passim, p. 268 and footnote.

16.

Narrative, p. 378.

17.

Narrative, p. 463.

18.

Narrative, p. 477.

19.

Narrative, pp. 485–86.

20.

Ben-Arieh, “The Geographical Exploration of the Holy Land”, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, Vol. 104, July–December (1972), p. 86.

21.

See David H. Finnie, Pioneers East (Cambridge: 1967), passim, and John L. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land, 2 Vols. (New York: 1837 and London: 1838).

22.

Finnie, op. cit., pp. 173–181; James B. Pritchard, Archaeology and the Old Testament (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1958), pp. 57–62; Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea, 3 Vols. (London and Boston: 1841) and Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions, (Boston: 1856).