Caiaphas Name Inscribed on Bone Boxes
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Footnotes
On seals of people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, see Tsvi Schneider, “Six Biblical Signatures—Seals and Seal Impressions of Six Biblical Personages Recovered,” BAR 17:04.
B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) and C.E. (Common Eta), used by this author, are the alternate designations corresponding to B.C. and A D. often used in scholarly literature.
See Nitza Rosovsky, “A Thousand Years of History in Jerusalem’s Jewish Quarter,” BAR 18:03.
In addition, on one ossuary and its lid the letter bet (b) was incised to guide the user in fitting the lid onto the box. The letter bet serves here as a mere mark. See above, where a mark was used for the same purpose on the ossuary with the Qafa’ inscription.
While bat (
Endnotes
Nahman Avigad, “Jewish Rock-Cut Tombs in Jerusalem and in the Judean Hill-Country,” Eretz-Israel (E.L. Sukenik volume) 8 (1967), pp. 124–125 (in Hebrew).
Avigad, Ancient Monuments in the Kidron Valley (Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik, 1954), p 61 (in Hebrew).
Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18.123–124. This ossuary was published by Dan Barag and David Flusser, “The Ossuary of Yehohanah granddaughter of the High Priest Theophilus,” Israel Exploration Journal (IEJ) 36 (1986), pp. 39–44.
Josephus, Antiquities 20.17–96. On the tomb, see M. Kon, The Tombs of the Kings (Tel-Aviv: Dvir, 1947) (in Hebrew).
Yigael Yadin, Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971), pp. 124–139. See also Amos Kloner, “Name of Israel’s Last President Discovered on Lead Weight,” BAR 14:04.
T. Ilan, “Names of the Hasmoneans in the Second Temple Period,” Eretz-Israel (M. Avi-Yonah volume) 19 (1987), pp. 238–241 (in Hebrew, English summary on p. 79*); and Ilan, “Names of the Jews in Eretz-Israel in the Second Temple and the Mishnah Periods A Statistical Study,” MA thesis, Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem (1984), p. 45.
Menahem Stern, “Herod’s Policies and Jewish Society at the End of the Second Temple Period,” Tarbiz 35 (1966), pp. 235–253 (in Hebrew).
R. Brodi, “Caiaphas and Cantheras,” in Schwartz, Agrippa I, The Last King of Judaea, Appendix 4, pp. 203–208, pp. 190–195 (1990) (English transl.); and B.Z. Rosenfeld, “The Settlement of Two Families of High Priests during the Second Temple Period,” in Historical-Geographical Studies in the Settlement of Eretz-Israel II, ed. Y. Katz, Y. Ben-Arich, Y. Kaniel (Jerusalem, 1991), pp. 206–218 (in Hebrew).
Another inscription worth mentioning here is ‘Daughter of Qatra,’ found at Masada (Yadin and Naveh, “The Aramaic and Hebrew Ostraca and Jar Inscriptions,” Masada I [Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1989], p. 22, n. 405).
Ilan, “Notes on the Distribution of Jewish Women’s Names in Palestine in the Second Temple Period,” Journal of Jewish Studies 40/2 (1989), pp. 191–192.