Jerusalem of Gold—A Song and an Ancient Crown - The BAS Library

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Footnotes

1.

J. Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit, Vol. III (Paris, 1955), No. 16.146–161, pp. 182–186.

2.

Mishnah is commonly used to mean the Jewish oral law which was collected and revised by Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi in the beginning of the third century.

3.

Talmud is the interpretation and elaboration of Mishnah compiled in two centers of learning, in Israel and Babylonia, between the third and the fifth century.

4.

Torah means the Pentateuch or first five books of the Bible. Sometimes it is used to include the entire Hebrew Bible. In a still broader use Torah encompasses the written and the oral law both of which, according to rabbinic tradition, God revealed to Moses at Mt. Sinai.

5.

K. Bittel, die Feldsbilder von Yazilikaya (Bamberg, 1934), pl. 12; K. Bittel, R. Naumann, and H. Otto, Yazilikaya: Architektur, Feldsbilder, Inschriften und Kleinfunden, pp. 116–118, fig. 46; E. Akurgal, Spathethitische Bildkunst (Ankara, 1949), pp. 10–12, and The Art of the Hittites (New York, 1962), pp. 111–12, fig. 19 and pls. 76–77.

6.

E. Porada, The Art of Ancient Iran (New York, 1965), pp. 66–67, fig. 42, and p. 234, n. 46.

7.

A. Parrot, The Arts of Assyria (New York, 1961) p. 118, fig. 133.

8.

H. Frankfort, Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (London, 1954), pl. 114.

9.

E. R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (New York, 1953–68), Vol. II, Figs. 58, 160.

See O. Seyffert, Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, revised and edited by H. Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (New York, 1959), p. 164, 586b.

For such a crown on coins, see L. Kadman, The Coins of Caesarea Maritime (Jerusalem, 1957), Vol. II, 3, 126, 127, 189, 218.

10.

S. Lieberman, originally in a personal communication. See now his Tosefta Ki-Fshutah. Part VIII, Order Nashim (New York, 1973), p. 767.

11.

Goodenough, op. cit., Vol. 9; 179.

12.

J. Cooper, “Letter to the Editor,” Israel Exploration Journal, Vol. 25 (1975), pp. 191–2.

13.

For further epigraphical evidence see H. A. Hoffman, Jr., “The City of Gold and the City of Silver,” Israel Exploration Journal, Vol. 19 (1969) pp. 178–180.

14.

This article is an updated and expanded treatment containing information which was not included in my original publication: “Jerusalem—A City of Gold”, Israel Exploration Journal, Vol. 17 (1967), pp. 259–263.