Shasu or Habiru: Who Were the Early Israelites? - The BAS Library

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Footnotes

2.

See “Can You Name the Panel with the Israelites?” containing “Rainey’s Challenge” and “Yurco’s Response,” BAR 17:06.

Endnotes

1.

The true Semitic form of the word is obscured by the Akkadian syllabic script of the Amarna Letters and other cuneiform documents. The word is really ‘apiru meaning “dusty, dirty.”

2.

For Abdi-Heba’s letters, see EA 280, 285, 286, 287, 288 in William Moran, The Amarna Letters (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1992), pp. 279–280, 325–332.

3.

Anson Rainey, Review of O. Loretz, Habiru-Hebräer, Eine sozio-linguistiche Studie über die Herkunft des Gentiliziums ‘ibr zum Appellativum ‘abiru, in Journal of the American Oriental Society 107 (1987), pp. 539–541.

4.

Anson Rainey and R. Steven Notley, The Sacred Bridge (Jerusalem: Carta, 2006), p. 89.