Synagogues: Before and After the Roman Destruction of the Temple
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Endnotes
Ancient synagogues have been surveyed or excavated in Syria, Turkey, North Africa, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Italy and Spain: Apamea and Dura-Europos in Syria; Misis-Mopsuestia, Priene, Sardis and, recently, remains of two additional synagogues, one in the central Lycian city of Andriake and the other a building at Limyra (Lycian region) in Asia Minor (Turkey); Hammam-Lif and Leptis Magna in North Africa; Philippopolis in Bulgaria; Aegina and Delos in Greece; Stobi in Macedonia; Ostia and Bova Marina in Italy; and Elche in Spain.
References for article: Rachel Hachlili, Ancient Synagogues—Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research (Leiden: Brill, 2013); Rachel Hachlili, Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora (Leiden: Brill, 1998); Rachel Hachlili, Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Land of Israel (Leiden: Brill, 1988); Rachel Hachlili, ed., Ancient Synagogues in Israel: Third–Seventh Century C.E., BAR International Series (Oxford: BAR, 1989); Lee I. Levine, The Ancient Synagogue, The First Thousand Years, 2nd ed. (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2005); Lee I. Levine, ed., Ancient Synagogues Revealed (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981); A. Runesson, D.D. Binder and B. Olsson, The Ancient Synagogue from Its Origins until 200 C.E.: A Source Book (Leiden: Brill, 2008).