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Footnotes
See Graham Stanton, “A Gospel Among the Scrolls?” BR 11:06.
See Bruce M. Metzger, review of Eyewitness to Jesus, by Carsten Peter Thiede, in Bible Books, BR 12:04.
Endnotes
José O’Callaghan, “¿Papiros neo-testamentarios en la cueva 7 de
The fragments were identified as coming from Exodus 28:4–7, 43–44, and the Epistle of Jeremiah (in Roman Catholic Bibles, the epistle is chapter 6 of Baruch). See Maurice Baillet, “I. Fragments de Papyrus,” in Baillet, Jozef T. Milik and Roland de Vaux, Les ‘petites grottes’ de
See, for example, Stefan Enste, Kein Markustext in Qumran (Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus 45 (Freiburg, Switzerland: Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000). But see Carsten Peter Thiede, Rekindling the Word: In Search of Gospel Truth (Leominster, UK: Gracewing; Valley Forge, PA: Trinity, 1995), pp. 189–197.
See DJD 3, pp. 143–144. More recently, chief scroll editor Emanuel Tov has also suggested that all the fragments from this cave are from the Septuagint: “probably all biblical,” he writes; see Tov, “The Biblical Texts from the Judean Desert—An Overview and Analysis of all the Published Texts,” in The Bible as Book: The Hebrew Bible and the Judaean Desert Discoveries, Proceedings of the Conference Held at Hampton Court, Herefordshire, 18–21 June 2000, edited by E.D. Herbert and Emanuel Tov (London: British Library, 2002), p. 150.
Wilhelm Nebe (“7Q4-Möglichkeit und Grenze einer Identifikation,” Revue de
Ernest Muro, “The Greek Fragments of Enoch from Qumran Cave 7 (7Q4, 7Q8, & 7Q12 = 7QEn gr = Enoch 103:3–4, 7–8),” Revue de
They conclude that 7Q4.1, 7Q8, 7Q12, and 7Q14 contain text from 1 Enoch 103:3–8, 12; 7Q4.2 contains text from 98:11 or 105:17; 7Q11 contains text from 100:12; and 7Q13 contains text from 103:12. Thus, their identifications include only two pieces listed by the Spanish scholar (7Q4 and 7Q8)—but not the other seven (7Q5, 7Q6.1, 7Q6.2, 7Q7, 7Q9, 7Q10, and 7Q15).
For a translation from the Ethiopic, the only version that contains the entire book, see Ephraim Isaac, “1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983), vol. 1, pp. 5–89, esp. pp. 72–89.
In 1992 the Spanish scholar Vittoria Spottorno (“Una nueva posible identificacion de 7Q5,” Sefarad 52 [1992], pp. 541–543) proposed that 7Q5 preserves text from the Book of Zechariah (7:3b–5), and provided a transcription to support her view. Spottorno’s identification, however, presents problems such as doubtful readings of several Greek letters and variations from all known Greek texts of Zechariah 7:3–5. For example, in verse 4, her lineup of letters requires Spottorno to omit “of hosts” to produce the shorter reading “the Lord” (compare NRSV, “the Lord of hosts”); and in verse 5, her reconstruction requires a longer text: “the priests of the land” (instead of the NRSV’s “the priests”).
Muro’s findings are described and illustrated in great detail on his Web site, www.breadofangels.com.
It should be noted, perhaps with some surprise, that in his recent commentary on 1 Enoch, one prominent scholar dismisses the notion that any of the Greek fragments is from this pseudepigraphic book. George Nickelsburg, 1 Enoch 1: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch, Chapters 1–36, 81–108, Hermeneia series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), pp. 10–11.