The Great Eighth Century
You have already read your free article for this month. Please join the BAS Library or become an All Access member of BAS to gain full access to this article and so much more.
Already a library member? Log in here.
Institution user? Log in with your IP address or Username
Footnotes
B.C.E. is the scholarly, religiously neutral designation corresponding to B.C. It stands for “Before the Common Era.”
Offset-inset walls were massive city-walls consisting of salients and recesses; such walls were constructed in unaligned sections, or zigzag, as a way of minimizing damage to the walls under assault. See Neil Asher Silberman, “Glossary: A Question of Defense,” BAR 15:03.
Casemate walls consist of two parallel walls divided by transverse partitions at regular intervals; the resultant small chambers served for storage or were filled with rubble for strengthening the wall.
See Dan P. Cole, “How Water Tunnels Worked,” BAR 06:02.
See André Lemaire, “Fragments from the Book of Balaam Found at Deir Alla,” BAR 11:05.
See the following BAR articles: André Lemaire, “Who or What Was Yahweh’s Asherah?” BAR 10:06; and Ze’ev Meshel, “Did Yahweh Have a Consort?” BAR 05:02.
Endnotes
Yigael Yadin, Hazor: The Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975), p. 151.
J. Pecirková, “The Administrative Methods of Assyrian Imperialism,” Archiv Orientálni 55 (1987), pp. 164–166; Israel Eph’al, “Assyrian Dominion in Palestine,” in The World History of the Jewish People 4/1, ed. Avraham Malamat (Jerusalem: Massada Press, 1979), p. 286; Henry W. F. Saggs, The Greatness That Was Babylon (New York: Hawthorn, 1962), pp. 105–139.
Mordechai Cogan, Imperialism and Religion: Assyria, Judah and Israel in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries B.C.E. (Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1974).
Cogan thus rejects Albert Olmstead’s view that “the whole [Assyrian] imperial organization centered around the worship of Ashur, the deified state and reigning king fanatically imposing active worship of Assyrian gods upon defeated populations.” See Cogan, Imperialism and Religion, p. 60.
Cogan and Hayim Tadmor, II Kings, The Anchor Bible 11 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1988), pp. 218–220.
See Morris Silver, Prophets and Markets: The Political Economy of Ancient Israel (Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1983).
John S. Holladay, “Assyrian Statecraft and the Prophets of Israel,” Harvard Theological Review (HTR) 63 (1970), p. 29.
Frank M. Cross, “Early Alphabetic Scripts,” in Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research, ed. Cross (Cambridge, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1975), p. 111.
Alan R Millard, “An Assessment of the Evidence for Writing in Ancient Israel,” in Biblical Archaeology Today: Proceedings of the International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, ed. Avraham Biran, et al. (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1985), pp. 301–312.
Menahem Haran “On the Diffusion of literacy and Schools in Ancient Israel,” Vetus Testamentum Supplement 40 (1988), p. 85.
Joseph Naveh, “A Paleographic Note on the Distribution of the Hebrew Script,” HTR 61 (1968), pp. 71–72.
Jo Ann Hackett, The Balaam Text from Deir ‘Alla Harvard Semitic Monographs 31 (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1984).