The Suffering Servant at Qumran
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Footnotes
See “Unpublished Dead Sea Scroll Text Parallels Luke’s Infancy Narrative,” sidebar to “Dead Sea Scroll Variation on ‘Show and Tell’—It’s Called ‘Tell, But No Show,’” BAR 16:02; and John J. Collins, “A Pre-Christian ‘Son of God’ Among the Dead Sea Scrolls,” BR 09:03.
See “The ‘Pierced Messiah’ Text—An Interpretation Evaporates,” BAR 18:04; and James D. Tabor, “A Pierced or Piercing Messiah?—The Verdict Is Still Out,” BAR 18:06.
Endnotes
Emile Puech, “Fragments d’un apocryphe de Lévi et le personnage eschatologique. 4QTestLevic–d at 4QAJa,” in The Madrid Qumran Congress: Proceedings of the International Congress on the Dead Sea Scrolls, Madrid, 18–21 March 1991, ed. Julio Trebolle Barrera and Luis Vegas Montaner (Leiden: Brill, 1992), pp. 448–501. A partial text and English translation can be found in Robert H. Eisenman and Michael Wise, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered (Rockport, MA: Element, 1992), pp. 142–145. The text is officially designated 4Q541.
Puech labels these fragments 4QAhA bis = 4 QTestLevic, that is, a second copy of 4QAaron A, possibly to be identified with the Testament of Levi.
The Thanksgiving Hymns, 1QH4 (trans. Geza Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English [Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987], pp. 174–175).
Puech, “Fragments d‘un apocryphe,” discusses other possible translations, such as “diadem” (Aramaic