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The Universal God

How the God of Israel Became a God for All

By André Lemaire

Israel not only survived but thrived in exile. Indeed, Israelite Yahwisma became universal monotheism in the Babylonian Exile.

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Footnotes

1.

Yahweh is the personal name of the Israelite God.

Endnotes

1.

James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969), p. 308.

2.

Israel Eph’al, “The Western Minorities in Babylonia in the Sixth-Fifth Centuries B.C.: Maintenance and Cohesion,” Orientalia 47 (1978), pp. 74–90, esp. 80–81; F. Joannès, “La localisation de Surru à l’époque néo-babylonienne,” Semitica 32 (1982), pp. 35–43; Ran Zadok, “Geographical Names According to New and Late-Babylonian Texts,” Repertoire Geographique des Textes Cuniformes 8 (Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz, 1985), pp. 158, 183, 229, 250, 300.

3.

Joannès and André Lemaire, “Trois tablettes cunéiformes à onomastique ouest-sémitique (collection Sh. Moussaïeff),” Transeuphratène 17 (1999), pp. 17–34, esp. pp. 17–27.

4.

Alan Millard, “The Babylonian Chronicle,” in William W. Hallo, ed., The Context of Scripture, vol. 1 (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2003), pp. 467–468, esp. 468.

5.

E.F. Weidner, “Jojachin, König von Juda, in babylonischen Keilschriften,” in Mélanges syriens offerts à R. Dussaud II (Paris: Geuthner, 1939), pp. 923–935, esp. 923–928.