War, Peace and Justice in Early Israel
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Footnotes
Yahweh is the modern vocalization of the ineffable name of Israel’s God, spelled in the Bible by four consonants, YHWH, known as the Tetragrammaton or Tetragram.
The Amarna letters are a cache of cuneiform tablets from the 14th century B.C., found at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, consisting in large part of diplomatic correspondence between Egypt and petty local rulers in Canaan who served under Egyptian hegemony.
What is traditionally called the “Song of Moses” is referred to as the “Song of Miriam” in the scholarly literature.
According to source criticism, the Pentateuch or Five Books of Moses comprises four sources that have been combined, or redacted. These sources have been designated J (the Yahwist), E (the Elohist), P (the Priestly code) and D (the Deuteronomist).
On this passage, see Ronald Hendel, “When the Sons of God Cavorted with the Daughters of Men,” BR 03:02.
The Hebrew word
Endnotes
Millard C. Lind, Yahweh Is a Warrior: The Theology of Warfare in Ancient Israel (Scottdale, PA: Herald, 1980).
Sigfried Hermann, A History of Israel in Old Testament Times, tr. John Bowden (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975), pp. 58–59; Manfred Weippert, “Semitische Nomaden des zweiten Jahrtausends: über die s
William F. Albright, “Akkadian Letters,” in Ancient Near Eastern Texts, ed. James B. Pritchard (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 489.
See Michael C. Astour, “Habiru,” in The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supp. Vol. (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1976), pp. 382–385.
For the evidence, see Weippert, The Settlement of the Israelite Tribes in Palestine, Studies in Biblical Theology, Second Series 21 (Naperville, IL: Allenson, 1971), pp. 74–82.
“Client” is the translation of ‘apiru that Frank Moore Cross has advanced as a stative based on the Semitic root ‘pr, Akk.