When People Lived at Petra - The BAS Library

Endnotes

1.

Scholarship on Petra is extensive. Comprehensive bibliographies can be found in Martha Sharp Joukowsky, Petra Great Temple, Volume I: Brown University Excavations, 1993–1997 (Providence: E.A. Johnson, 1998), pp. xvi-xxxiv; Lina Nehmé, Provisional Bibliography on Petra and the Nabataeans (Paris: ERA 2000 CNRS, 1994); Judith McKenzie, The Architecture of Petra (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990), pp. 173–180; D. Homès-Fredericq and J.B. Hennessy, Archaeology of Jordan, Vol. I (Leuven: Peeters, 1986); Avraham Negev, Tempel, Kirche, und Zisternen, Ausgrabungen in der Wüste Negev (Stuttgart: Calwer, 1983), pp. 250–254. The best introduction to the site for the general reader in English is still Iain Browning, Petra (London: Chatto & Windus, 1982).

2.

See Diana Kirkbride, “The Excavation of a Neolithic Village at Seyl Aqlat, Beidha, Near Petra,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 92 (1960), pp. 136–145; and “Beidha: Early Neolithic Life South of the Dead Sea,” Antiquity 42 (1968), pp. 263–274.

3.

See Crystal M. Bennett, “Umm el-Biyara—Pétra,” Revue biblique 71 (1964), pp. 250–253; “Des fouilles à Umm el-Biyarah: Les Edomites à Pétra,” Bible et Terre Sainte 84 (1966), pp. 6–16; and “Fouilles d’Umm el-Biyara. Rapport préliminaire,” Revue biblique 73 (1966), pp. 372–403.

4.

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica II, 48–49, 94–98)

5.

Browning, Petra, p. 33.

6.

See Negev, “Die Nabatäer,” Antike Welt, supp. to vol. 7 (1976), pp. 1–80; “The Nabataeans and the Provincia Arabia,” Aufsteig und Niedergang der römischen Welt vol. II no. 8 (1977), pp. 520–686; “Petra,” in Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, vol. IV (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993); “Nabatéens et Byzantins au Negev,” Le Monde de la Bible 19 (1981). It is important, however, not to oversimplify Negev’s very important contributions to Nabataean studies, and his theories regarding the relationship between Petra and the Nabataean sites of the Israeli Negev.

7.

See Kirkbride, “A Short Account of the Excavations at Petra in 1955–1956,” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 4–5 (1960), pp. 117–122; Peter Parr, “Excavations at Petra, 1958–1959,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 12 (1960), pp. 124–135. Unfortunately, no final report has been written in either of these excavations.

8.

See Zbigniew Fiema, “The Roman Street in the Petra Project,” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 42 (1998), pp. 395–424.

9.

For a full bibliography of the Great Temple excavations to 1998, see Joukowsky, Petra Great Temple, pp. xxxv-xxxix. Yearly reports appear in the Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and in the “Archaeology in Jordan” feature in the American Journal of Archaeology.

10.

For sacred theaters in the Near East, see Arthur Segal, Theaters in Roman Palestine and Provincia Arabia (Leiden: Brill, 1995). For other ideas on the function of the Great Temple, see Joukowsky, Petra Great Temple, pp. 125–128; Joseph Basile in Joukowsky, Petra Great Temple, p. 206; Erika Schluntz in Joukowsky, Petra Great Temple, pp. 220–222; and Schluntz, From Royal to Public Assembly Space: The Transformation of the “Great Temple” Complex at Petra, Jordan, Ph.D (Brown Univ. 1999).

11.

See Leigh-Ann Bedal, “A Paradeisos in Petra: New Light on the ‘Lower Market’,” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 43 (1999).

12.

For a full bibliography of the Temenos Gate, see McKenzie, Architecture of Petra, pp. 132–133.

13.

See Kirkbride, “A Short Account of the Excavations at Petra in 1955–1956,” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 4–5 (1960), pp. 117–122; Peter Parr, “Excavations at Petra, 1958–1959,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 12 (1960), pp. 124–135. Unfortunately, no final report has been written in either of these excavations.

14.

For a full bibliography of the Kasr el-Bint Faroun, see McKenzie, Architecture of Petra, pp. 135–136.

15.

Summarized in Philip Hammond, The Temple of the Winged Lions, Petra, Jordan: 1974–1990 (Fountain Hills, AZ: Petra Publishers, 1996).

16.

See Fiema, “The Petra Project,” American Center of Oriental Research Newsletter 5 (1993), pp. 1–3; and “Une église byzantine à Pétra,” Archéologia 302 (1994), pp. 26–35. The scholarly literature on this important monument (and the papyrus scrolls) is just now taking shape.

17.

For the excavations until 1992, see Andrea Bignasca Rolf A. Stucky, Petra—Ez Zantur I., and Ergebnisse der Schweizerisch-Liechtensteinischen Ausgrabungen: 1988–1992 (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1996). For 1993 to the present, see the annual reports in Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan (in English).