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Where Is the Tenth Century?

By Hershel Shanks

Every archaeologist thinks his or her site holds the key to any issue that arises. Perhaps that is one reason why the focus was on Megiddo at the sessions titled “Where Is the Tenth Century?” at the Annual Meeting. Archaeologists David Ussishkin and Israel Finkelstein, the first two speakers, are codirectors of the renewed excavations at Megiddo. This is not to deny the importance of Megiddo, however; it is indeed a key site. As Finkelstein has written, “The archaeology of the United Monarchy was born at Megiddo.”1 A second site, whose key significance is more debatable, is Jezreel, […]

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Footnotes

1.

See “Monarchy at Work? The Evidence of the Three Gates,” BAR 23:04.

2.

See Israel Finkelstein and David Ussishkin, “Back to Megiddo,” BAR 20:01; and Graham I. Davies, “King Solomon’s Stables—Still at Megiddo?” BAR 20:01.

Endnotes

1.

Israel Finkelstein, “The Archaeology of the United Monarchy,” Levant 28 (1996), p. 178.

2.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 177.

3.

Yigael Yadin, Hazor: The Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible (New York: Random House, 1975), p. 202.

4.

Yadin, Hazor, p. 187.

5.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 183; and Amihai Mazar, “Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein,” Levant 29 (1997), p. 160.

6.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 183.

7.

Mazar, “Chronology,” p. 161.

8.

The four test results are (1) 1129–1000 B.C.; (2) 1128–1042 B.C.; (3) 1208–1121 B.C.; (4) 1259–1129 B.C.

9.

Mazar, “Chronology,” p. 163.

10.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 178.

11.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 185.