Bibliographic Appendix

Main publication: H. Khalaily & O. Marder, The Neolithic Site of Abu Ghosh: The 1995 Excavations (IAA Reports 19), Jerusalem 2003.

Studies: M. Lechevallier, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 46–47; O. Marder et al., Neo-Lithics 1996, 3–4; id., ESI 19 (1997), 70*–71*; id. (& H. Khalaily), AJA 102 (1998), 763; E. B. Banning, NEA 61 (1998), 188–237; 66 (2003), 4–21; O. Bar-Yosef, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas (eds. M. Mashkour et al.), Groningen 2000, 189; R. Barkai, Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 149–154; K. I. Wright, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66 (2000), 105; S. Yamada, Development of the Neolithic: Lithic Use-Wear Analysis of Major Tool Types in the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Cambridge, MA 2000; G. Kahila-Bar Gal et al., Ancient Biomolecules 4 (2002), 9–17.

Main publication: A. Chouraqui, Abu Gosh: de l’Emmaus des croises au monastere de la resurrection, Ile-d’Yeu 1995.

Studies: B. Kühnel, Jewish Art 19–20 (1993–1994), 112–123; M. Ehrlich, ZDPV 112 (1996), 165–169; W. Eck, SCI 18 (1999), 109–120; G. Kühnel, Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 206–216; T. Oshima, N.A.B.U 1999/3, 55–56; E. Villeneuve, MdB 142 (2002), 56–57.

O. Ovadiah, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, Erganzungsband 18 (1991), 181–191; id. (& C. Gomez de Silva), Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo 20 (1997), 27–30; id., LA 47 (1997), 441–444; id., Art and Archaeology in Israel and Neighbouring Countries, London 2002, 399–426; P. -L. Gatier, Syria 71 (1994), 148–149; M. Vallerin, ibid., 174–180; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994, 275–276; Farah Mébarki, MdB 105 (1995), 35; H. Shanks, BAR 23/2 (1997), 52–53; M. -M. Sadek, Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 52–54; J. -B. Humbert, Gaza Méditerranéenne: histoire et archéologie en Palestine, Paris 2000; id. (& M. -M. Sadek), MdB 127 (2000), 7–13; M. -T. Olszewski, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 8: Actes du 8. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne, 6–11.10.1997 (Cahiers d’Archéologie romande 86; eds. D. Paunier & C. Schmidt), 2, Lausanne 2001, 276–301; id., Archeologia (Poland) 53 (2002), 45–61; P. Baumann, What Athens Has to Do with Jerusalem, Leuven 2002, 69–85; id., Antike Welt 34 (2003), 165–170.

U. Zevulun, EI 21 (1990), 107*; M. E. Kislev, Israel—Land & People 7–8/25–26 (1990–1993), 18*; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 87–88; A. Raban, ESI 12 (1993), 19–21; Z. Gal (& K. Covello-Paran), ‘Atiqot 30 (1996), 25–67; id. (& H. Butrus), ESI 114 (2002), 27*; Y. Melamed, ‘Atiqot 30 (1996), 69–70; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 100–103; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 97; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182.

B. Brandl, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv, 1992, 441–477; J. A. Callaway, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 125–130; Z. H. Erlich, JSRS 2 (1992), v–vii; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; V. Fritz, Das Buch Josua (Handbuch zum Alten Testament I/7), Tübingen 1994; D. Livingston, PEQ 126 (1994), 154–159; id., Khirbet Nisya: The Search for Biblical Ai, 1979–2002. Excavation of the Site with Related Studies in Biblical Archaeology, Manheim, PA 2003; G. R. Stone, BH 30/1 (1994), 11–33; T. P. J. Van den Hout, ZA 84 (1994), 60–88; G. L. Mattingly, BA 58 (1995), 14–25; N. L. Lapp, SHAJ 5 (1995), 545–554; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 528–529; A. Sasson, TA 25 (1998), 3–51; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; M. Bietak (& K. Kopetzky), Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 97–98; id., Ägypten und Levante 13 (2003), 13–38; O. Ilan, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel (D. L. Esse Fest.), Chicago, IL 2001, 317–354; K. Koenen, ZDPV 119 (2003), 93–105; A. Mazar, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 85–98; A. Rainey, ibid., 547; B. G. Wood, Giving the Sense: Understanding and Using Old Testament Historical Texts (eds. D. M. Howard, Jr. & M. A. Grisanti), Grand Rapids, MI 2003, 256–282; D. Merling, The Future of Biblical Archaeology: Reassessing Methodologies and Assumptions. The Proceedings of a Symposium, 12–14.8.2001 at Trinity International University (eds. J. K. Hoffmeier & A. Millard), Grand Rapids, MI 2004, 29–42.

Y. Garfinkel, The Material Culture in the Central Jordan Valley in the Pottery Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Periods (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 1992 (Eng. abstract); id., ESI 12 (1994), 19; id., Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, Berlin 1994, 543–562; id., Levant 30 (1998), 191–194; id., BASOR 315 (1999), 1–13; id., Neolithic and Chalcolithic Pottery of the Southern Levant (Qedem 39), Jerusalem 1999; M. W. Prausnitz, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 157–158; J. Lev-Tov, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas (Center for Archaeological Research and Consultancy Publication 32), Groningen 2000, 208–217; Archaeometry Date List 31 (2000), Oxford 2002, 79–81.

Z. U. Ma‘oz, EI 25 (1996), 104*; E. L. Braun, ‘Atiqot 42 (2001), 237–242; N. C. Vella, Ancient Near Eastern Studies 37 (2000), 27–55.

Main publications: The Amud Man and His Cave Site (eds. H. Suzuki et al.), rev. ed., Tokyo 1999; N. Alperson, Differential Use of Space by Mousterian Hominids: Evidence for Spatial Patterning at Amud Cave, Israel (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 2001.

Studies: E. Hovers (et al.), Mitekufat Ha’even 24 (1991), 152–157; id., ESI 12 (1993), 11–12; 14 (1994), 27–28 (& Y. Rak); 15 (1996), 22–24 (& Y. Rak); id., Paléorient 21/2 (1995), 47–61; id., Archaeology 49 (1996), 49–51; id., AJA 102 (1998), 761–762; id., Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia (eds. T. Akazawa et al.), New York 1998, 143–163; id. (et al.), JHE 39 (2000), 253–260; id., Archeologia i Paleoecologia Evrazii, Novocibirck 2004, 218–213; A. Belfer-Cohen & E. Hovers, Current Anthropology 33 (1992), 463–471; A. Defleur, Les sepultures Mousteriennes, Paris 1993, 162–171; C. B. Stringer & C. Gamble, In Search of the Neanderthals: Solving the Puzzle of Human Origins, London 1993, 96–98; Y. Rak et al., JHE 26 (1994), 313–324; N. Goren-Inbar, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 93–109; D. Johanson & B. Edgar, From Lucy to Language, New York 1996, 220–222; M. H. Wolpoff, Human Evolution, rev. ed. (College Custom Series), New York 1996, 601–603, 606–608; id., Paleoanthropology, 2nd ed., Boston, MA 1999, 610–612, 615–616; id. (& S. -H. Lee), Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 13 (2001), 291–310; O. Bar-Yosef, The Last Neanderthals, The First Anatomically Modern Humans: A Tale about the Human Diversity: Cultural Change and Human Evolution—The Crisis at 40 KA BP (eds. E. Carbonell & M. Vaquero), Catalunya 1996, 79–94; id., (& J. Callander), PEQ 129 (1997), 2–18; id., The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean (Peabody Museum Bulletin 8; eds. O. Bar-Yosef & D. Pilbeam), Cambridge, MA 2000, 107–156; id. (& A. Belfer-Cohen), Quaternary International 75 (2001), 19–28; J. Brainard. Science News 154/5 (1998), 72–74; H. Valladas et al., Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia (eds. T. Akazawa et al.), New York 1998, 69–75; id., JAS 26 (1999), 259–268; R. H. Gargett, JHE 37 (1999), 27–90; 39 (2000), 261–266; Toward Modern Humans: The Yabrudian and Micoquian 400–50 K-Years Ago. Proceedings of a Congress, Haifa, 3.9.1996 (BAR/IS 850; eds. A. Ronen & M. Weinstein-Evron), Oxford 2000; V. Zeitoun, Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris 12 (2000), 509; C. Delage, Les resources lithiques dans le nord d’Israël: la question des territoires d’approvisionnement Natoufiens confrontée a l’hypothèse de leur sédentarité (Ph.D. diss.), Paris 2001; K. A. Hallin et al., JHE 40 (2001), A8; W. Rink et al., Geoarchaeology 16 (2001), 701–717; J. J. Shea, NEA 64 (2001), 38–64; id., Journal of World Prehistory 17 (2003), 313–394; M. Madella et al., JAS 29 (2002), 703–719; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30; N. Mercier & H. Valladas, Echanges de diffusion dans la préhistoire méditerranéenne. Actes des Congrès Nationaux des Sociétés Historiques et Scientifiques, 121e, Nice 1996 (ed. B. Vandermeersch), Paris 2003, 29–39; R. Rabinovich & E. Hovers, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14 (2004), 287–306.

Main publications: S. C. Herbert et al., Tel Anafa I: Final Report on Ten Years of Excavation at a Hellenistic and Roman Settlement in Northern Israel, 1–2 (JRA Suppl. Series 10/1; Kelsey Museum Fieldwork Series), Ann Arbor, MI 1994; ibid. (Reviews) ZDPV 113 (1997), 140–144. — AJA 102 (1998), 444–445. — BASOR 315 (1999), 88–90; A. M. Berlin et al., Tel Anafa II/1: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery (JRA Suppl. Series 10/2; Kelsey Museum Fieldwork Series), Ann Arbor, MI 1997; ibid. (Reviews) ZDPV 113 (1997), 140–144. — AJA 102 (1998), 444–445. — BASOR 315 (1999), 88–90. — PEQ 132 (2000), 79.

Studies: Y. Israeli, Roman Glass: Two Centuries of Art and Invention (Society of Antiquaries Occasional Papers 13; eds. M. Newby & K. Painter), London 1991, 46–55; S. C. Herbert, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 219–221; id., BAT II, Jerusalem 1993, 118–125; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 117–118; S. S. Weinberg, Muse 26 (1992), 12–20; A. M. Berlin, IEJ 43 (1993), 35–44; id., BA 60 (1997), 2–51; id., BAR 25/6 (1999), 46–55, 62; id., Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader (ed. S. Richard), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 418–433; K. W. Slane et al., AJA 97 (1993), 325–326; id., JAS 21 (1994), 51–64; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 640–643; D. Ilan, Northeastern Israel in the Iron Age I: Cultural, Socioeconomic and Political Perspectives, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999; N. Vogeikoff-Brogan, Hesperia 69 (2000), 293–333; M. J. Ponting, Current Archaeology 15/7 (175) (2001), 302; id., IAMS 22 (2002), 3–6; R. Talgam, Michmanim 16 (2002), 39*; A. Erlich, The Art of the Hellenistic Age in the Land of Israel (Ph.D. diss.), Ramat-Gan 2003 (Eng. abstract); M. Fischer & O. Tal, ZDPV 119 (2003), 19–37; Testament of Time: Selected Objects from the Collection of Palestinian Antiquities in the Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri-Columbia (eds. J. C. Biers & J. Terry), Rutherford, NJ 2004; B. Kidd, Muse 33–35 (1999–2001), 4–13.

Main publication: D. Amit, The Synagogues of Hurbat Ma’on and Hurbat ‘Anim and the Jewish Settlement in Southern Hebron Hills (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2003 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: Y. Lender, ESI 10 (1991), 42; D. Amit, Cathedra 68 (1993), 199; id., Ancient Synagogues, Leiden 1995, 135–140; D. Chen & D. Milson, LA 45 (1995), 351–356; I. Yezerski, JSRS 6 (1996), xi; id. (& Y. Lender), ‘Atiqot 43 (2002), 256; Y. Baruch, JSRS 8 (1998), xx–xxi; D. Varga, ESI 114 (2002), 118*; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 103–105; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 143–148.

Main publications: Aphek-Antipatris I: Excavation of Areas A and B, The 1972–1976 Seasons (The Emery & Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology; Tel Aviv University Sonia & Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series 19; ed. M. Kochavi), Tel Aviv 2000; ibid. (Reviews), BASOR 327 (2002), 84–85. — IEJ 53 (2003), 136–139; Y. Gadot, Continuity and Change: Cultural Processes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Israel’s Central Coastal Plain, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2003.

Studies: J. Briend, Transeuphratène 2 (1990), 109–123; A. Kindler, INJ 11 (1990–1991), 61–71; M. Kochavi, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 272–274; id. (& I. Beit-Arieh), Map of Rosh ha-‘Ayin (78) (Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1994; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 147–151; id. (& Y. Gadot), TA 28 (2001), 310; id. (& E. Yadin), The Middle Bronze Age in the Levant, Wien 2002, 189–225; id. (& Y. Gadot), ESI 115 (2003), 40*–41*; P. Beck, Aspects of Art and Iconography (Nimet Özgüc Fest.; eds. M. J. Mellink et al.), Ankara 1993, 671–673; id., Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 288–292, 390–485; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 421–422; O. Margalith, VT 44 (1994), 109–113; Y. Meshorer, INJ 13 (1994–1999), 86–89; L. Nigro, Contributi e materiali di archeologia orientale 5 (1995); 6 (1996), 1–69; A. Zertal, Michmanim 9 (1996), 73–82; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 78–99; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; I. Accos, ESI 112 (2000), 55*–56*; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 98; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; R. Kletter, Levant 33 (2001), 95–104; S. L. Cohen, Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections, Winona Lake, IN 2002 (index); S. Feldman, BAR 28/5 (2002), 52–59; S. Shoval & M. Gaft, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 291; W. Dietrich & S. Munger, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 39–59; Z. Herzog, ibid., 85–100; W. Horowitz et al., JAOS 122 (2002), 755; A. Cohen-Weinberger & Y. Goren, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 69–100; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 124–126; Y. Gadot, ASOR Annual Meeting 2004, www.asor.org/AM/am.htm; M. Gichon, JSRS 13 (2004), xviii; M. A. S. Martin, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 265–284; id., Aspects of the Egyptian Involvement in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Canaan: The Egyptian and Egyptian-Style Pottery—A Case Study, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Wien 2005; A. Yasur & Y. Goren, TA 31 (2004), 22–32.

Main publications: R. Amiran & O. Ilan, Arad: Eine 5000 Jahre alte Stadt in der Wüste Negev, Israel (Veröffentlichungen des Hamburger Museums für Archäologie und Geschichte 64), Hamburg 1992; id. (et al.), Early Arad, II: The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze IB Settlements and the Early Bronze II City, Architecture and Town Planning: 6th to 18th Seasons of Excavations, 1971–1978, 1980–1984, Jerusalem 1996; ibid. (Reviews) BAR 24/6 (1998), 56. — BASOR 311 (1998), 90–92. — Orientalia 67 (1998), 546–551; id., Ancient Arad: An Early Bronze Age Community on the Desert Fringe, Tel Aviv 1997 (Eng. abstracts).

Studies: Y. Govrin, EI 21 (1990), 104*–105*; D. Amiran, Erdkunde 45/3 (1991), 153–162; id., EI 25 (1996), 97*; R. Amiran & Z. Herzog, MdB 75 (1992), 28–29; Z. Herzog, ABD, New York 1992, 844–852, 1031–1044; id., ASOR Newsletter 46/2 (1996), 22; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 174–176; id., Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan, Sheffield 2001, 156–178; id., TA 29 (2002), 3–109; 31 (2004), 209–244 (& L. Singer-Avitz); D. W. Manor & G. A. Herion, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 331–336; B. Mazar, Biblical Israel: State and People (ed. S. Aḥituv), Jerusalem 1992, 67–77; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; M. Sebbane, TA 20 (1993), 41–54; 28 (2001), 213–230; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo 50 (1994), 107–113; A. F. Rainey, Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 333–354; B. Andelkovic, The Relations Between Early Bronze Age I Canaanites and Upper Egyptians, Beograd 1995; I. Finkelstein & Y. Silberman, The Pitcher is Broken (G. W. Ahlström Fest., JSOT Suppl. Series 190; eds. S. W. Holloway & L. K. Handy), Sheffield 1995, 213–226; id., Levant 28 (1996), 177–187; T. E. Levy et al., BA 58 (1995), 26–36; I. Sharon, Models for Stratigraphic Analysis of Tell Sites (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1995; M. Aharoni, IEJ 46 (1996), 52–54; W. G. Dever, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 37–42; I. Finkelstein, Levant 28 (1996), 177–187; R. Göthert & R. Amiran, EI 25 (1996), 91*; O. Ilan (& M. Saban), EI 25 (1996), 88*; id. (& R. Amiran), OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 169–174; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 317–354; A. Yair & R. Garti, The Mosaic of Israeli Geography (eds. Y. Gradus & G. Liphshitz), Beer Sheva 1996, 355–371; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 644–659; D. Jericke, Die Landnahme im Negev (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 20), Wiesbaden 1997; C. Ühlinger, MdB 110 (1998), 62–63; V. Orel, ZAW 110 (1998), 427–432; D. Barag, EI 26 (1999), 227*–228*; A. Hauptmann et al., BASOR 314 (1999), 1–17; N. Negev, ESI 111 (2000), 108*; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; B. A. Saidel, BAIAS 19–20 (2001–2002), 19–27; id., Mitekufat Ha’even 32 (2002), 175–196; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 260–279; I. Beit-Arieh, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 21–28; N. Na’aman, UF 34 (2002), 585–602; W. -D. Niemeier, TA 29 (2002), 328–331; G. Philip, Artefacts of Complexity: Tracking the Uruk in the Near East (Iraq Archaeological Reports 5; ed. J. N. Postgate), Warminster 2002, 207–235; L. Singer-Avitz, TA 29 (2002), 110–214; A. Mazar, BAR 29/2 (2003), 60–61; L. D. Morenz, Herrscherpräsentation und Kulturkontakte Ägypten-Levante-Mesopotamien: Acht Fallstudien (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 304), Münster 2003, 21–47; id., ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 47–50; A. Karasik et al., TA 32 (2005), 20–31.

P. -E. Dion, RB 99 (1992), 71–97; R. B. Lawton, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 336–337; S. E. Löwenstamm, From Babylon to Canaan: Studies in the Bible and its Oriental Background, Jerusalem 1992, 131–135; J. Naveh, IEJ 42 (1992), 52–54; S. Mittmann, ZDPV 109 (1993), 39–48; S. Aḥituv, Solving Riddles and Untying Knots (J. C. Greenfield Fest.; eds. Z. Zevit et al.), Winona Lake, IN 1995, 379–384; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Inschriften, 1 (Handbuch der Althebräischen Epigraphik), Darmstadt 1995, 40–46, 67–74, 111–121, 145–164, 290–305, 347–403, 441; id., Schrift und Schreibertradition: Eine Paläographische Studie zum Kulturgeschichtlichen Verhältnis von Israelitischen Nordreich und Südreich (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 23), Wiesbaden 1997; I. Eph‘al & J. Naveh, Aramaic Ostraca of the 4th Century BC from Idumaea, Jerusalem 1996; A. Lemaire, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 176–177; id., ZDPV 115 (1999), 12–23; P. Boudreuil et al., NEA 61 (1998), 2–13; O. Pedersen, Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East: 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda, MD 1998, 229–231; N. Na’aman, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 201–204.

S. Klein, Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galilaeas (Ph.D. diss., Heidelberg), Leipzig 1909; G. H. Dalman, ZDPV 29 (1906), 199–200; G. Foerster, The Galilean Synagogues and Their Relation to Hellenistic and Roman Art and Architecture, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1972; D. Chen, LA 36 (1986), 235–240; 39 (1989), 199–206; Z. Ilan, ESI 6 (1987–1988), 110; 7–8 (1988–1989), 8–9; 9 (1989–1990), 17–18; id., Eretz Magazine 4/1 (1988–1989), 60–69; id., IEJ 39 (1989), 100–102; id. (& A. Izdarechet), MdB 57 (1989), 54–57; A. Van der Heyden, Ariel, Eng. ed. 82 (1990), 74–86; Y. Shahar & Y. Tepper, Cathedra 61 (1991), 191; M. Gichon, Historische Interpretationen (G. Walser Fest.; ed. M. Weinmann-Walser), Stuttgart 1995, 61–79; Z. Safrai, Studies in Historical Geography, Leiden 2000, 82–83.

M. Hershkovitz, EI 23 (1992), 156*; D. Ilan, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 211–212; I. Beit-Arieh, Michmanim 12 (1998), 48*; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 660; S. Feldman, BAR 28/1 (2002), 50–54; N. Negev, ESI 114 (2002), 119*.

Main publications: Pilgrim’s Castle (‘Atlit), David’s Tower (Jerusalem) and Qal‘at ar-Rabad (‘Ajlun): Three Middle Eastern Castles from the Time of the Crusades (Variorum Collected Studies Series; eds. C. N. Johns & D. Pringle), Aldershot 1997; ibid. (Reviews) PEQ 131 (1999), 92–93. — IEJ 51 (2001), 110–112; P. Riavez, “Atlit” (1217–1291): Ceramiche Italiane nel Mediterraneo Orientale (Ph.D. diss.), Trieste 1997–1998.

Studies: E. Acquaro, Ocnus 1 (1993), 13–18; A. J. Boas, Domestic Architecture in the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1995; id., NEA 61 (1998), 138–173; id., Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East, London 1999; R. Hiestand, Acri 1291: la fine della presenza degli ordini militari in Terra Santa e i nuovi orientamenti nel xiv secolo (ed. F. Tommasi), Perugia 1996, 23–41; R. Merhav, EI 25 (1996), 104*–105*; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 758–777; D. M. Metcalf & R. Kool, ‘Atiqot 37 (1999), 89*–164*; P. Riavez, Graffita arcaica tirrenica e ceramica Port St. Symeon, Padova 1999–2000; id., Il Congresso Nazionale de Archeologia Médiévale, Brescia 2000, 444–450; id., Archeologia Médiévale 28 (2001), 505–532; U. ‘Ad, ESI 112 (2000), 119*; T. Dezso, Near Eastern Helmets of the Iron Age (BAR/IS 992), Oxford 2001.

Main publications: A. Hartman, Landscape and Agriculture of the Carmel Coastal Plain in the PPNC Period: Reconstruction from Plant Macrofossils of Atlit-Yam Well (M.A. thesis), Ramat-Gan 1997; O. Asaf, The Athlit Ram: Classical and Hellenistic Bronze Casting Technology (M.A. thesis), College Station, TX 2001; I. Zohar, Exploitation of Marine Resources by the Neolithic Inhabitants of Atlit-Yam, Israel: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Gray Triggerfish (Balistes Carolinensis) Remains (M.A. thesis), Haifa 2004.

Studies: E. Galili (et al.), ESI 10 (1991), 103; 19 (1997), 96*–101* (& J. Sharvit); 109 (1999), 30*–31* (et al.); id., Actes du XIIe Congrès International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques, 2, Bratislava, 1–7.9.1991 (ed. J. Pavuk), Bratislava 1993, 318–323; id. (& Y. Nir), The Holocene 3 (1993), 265–270; id. (et al.), IJNA 22 (1993), 61–77; 23 (1994), 93–107; id. (et al.), JFA 20 (1993), 133–157; id., Sefunim 8 (1994), 21–28; id. (& J. Sharvit), Thracia Pontica 5 (1994), 269–296; id., AJA 102 (1998), 763; id. (& J. Sharvit), Brunnen der Jungsteinzeit: Internationales Symposium in Erkelenz, 27–29.10.1997 (Materialien zur Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland 11), Köln 1998, 31–44; id. (& J. Sharvit), 5th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Naupla, 1993, 1999, 167–183; id. (et al.), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Israel Prehistoric Society, Jerusalem 2000; id. (et al.), JMA 15 (2002), 167–198; id. (et al.), ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 1–34; id. (et al.), Neolithic Revolution: New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus (Levant Supplementary Series 1; eds. E. Peltenburg & A. Wasse), Oxford 2004, 91–101; id. (et al.), BASOR 339 (2005), 1–19; I. Hershkovitz, L’Anthropologie 95 (1991), 639–650; id. (& E. Galili), Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 3 (1991), 83–96; H. Frost, IJNA 21 (1992), 179–181 (Review); A. Raban, Michmanim 6 (1992), 41*–42*; 11 (1997), 7*–27*; id., Cyprus and the Sea: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Nicosia, 25–26 Sept. 1993; ed. V. Karageorghis & D. Michaelides), Nicosia 1995, 139–188; id., EI 25 (1996), 107*; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 428–438; id., Actas del IV Congrèso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Punicos, Cadiz, 2–6.10.1995 (ed. Manuela Studies: Barthelemy), Cadiz 2000, 1095–1106; M. Sas, The Maritime Holy Land: Mediterranean Civilization in Ancient Israel from the Bronze Age to the Crusaders (ed. N. Kashtan), Haifa 1992, 61–70; id., Sefunim 8 (1994), 63–76; D. I. Owen, JNES 53 (1994), 213–214 (Review); L. Ullmann & E. Galili, SCI 13 (1994), 116–122; A. Varsanyi, Sefunim 8 (1994), 77–79; I. Zohar, Fish Exploitation in the Past: Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of the ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group (Annales du Musèe Royal de L’Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques 274; ed. W. Van Neer), Tervuren 1994, 231–237; id., HUCMS News 24–25 (1998), 20–22; id. (et al.), JAS 28 (2001), 1041–1053; D. J. Stanley & E. Galili, Marine Geology 130 (1996), 11–17; Encyclopaedia of Underwater and Maritime Archaeology (ed. J. P. Delgado), London 1997, 43–44; J. R. Steffy, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 234–236; J. Elayi & H. Sayegh, Port, Paris 1998–2000; O. Aurenche & S. K. Kozlowski, La naissance du Néolithique au Proche Orient ou le paradis perdu, Paris 1999, 156–157; R. Barkai, Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio-Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 182–188; id. (& E. Galili), Eurasian Prehistory 1 (2004), 139–162; T. Dayan & E. Galili, Dogs Through Time: An Archaeological Perspective. Proceedings of the 1st ICAZ (International Council for Archaeozoology) Symposium on the History of the Domestic Dog, Victoria, BC, Canada, 23–29.8.1998 (BAR/IS 889; ed. S. J. Crockford), Oxford 2000, 29–33; V. Eshed, From Foraging to Farming in the Holocene (The Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period 8,300–6,000 B.C.) in the Southern Levant: The Skeletal Evidence (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2001; id. et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123 (2004), 303–315; 124 (2004), 315–329; J. Sharvit (& E. Galili), ESI 114 (2002), 29*; id. (et al.), In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 159–166; M. E. Kislev et al., JAS 31 (2004), 1301–1310; G. O. Rollefson, Neo-Lithics 2004/1, 12–13; B. Rosen et al., Michmanim 18 (2004), 9*–18*; A. Haggi, R I.M.S News, Report 31 (2005), 12–14.

D. Ilan, Northeastern Israel in the Iron Age I: Cultural, Socioeconomic and Political Perspectives, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 99–100; D. Ben-Ami, TA 31 (2004), 194–208.

Main publication: Z. B. Begin, As We Do Not See Azeqa: In Search of the Lachish Letters, Jerusalem 2000 (Heb.).

Studies: G. Barkay, TA 19 (1992), 124–129; E. Stern, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 537–538; J. A. Blakely, BA 56 (1993), 110–115; N. Na’aman, TA 21 (1994), 245–247; id., PEQ 131 (1999), 65–67; G. Galil, RB 102 (1995), 321–329; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002, 122–123; Z. B. Begin, VT 52 (2002), 166–174.

A. Ben-Tor, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 540–541; T. & M. Dothan, People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines, New York 1992; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el-Qaab, 2 (DAI, Abt. Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; A. Golani & E. C. M. van den Brink, ESI 15 (1996), 65; id., ‘Atiqot 38 (1999), 1–49; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 748–757; Y. Rand, ESI 19 (1997), 41*; T. Von der Way, Tell el-Fara‘in-Buto, 1: Ergebnisse zum frühen Kontext Kampagnen der Jahre 1983–1989 (Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 83), Mainz 1997, 106–107; K. Nahmias, ibid. 20 (2000), 54*; I. I. Milevski, ibid. 109 (1999), 65*; E. C. M. van den Brink, ibid. 110 (1999), 43*–44*; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 100; Y. Paz, ESI 111 (2000), 43*–44*; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; S. Gudovitz, ESI 113 (2001), 66*–67*; 114 (2002), 55*–56*; Y. Yekutieli, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; E. L. Braun, Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 173–189; E. Angelina Dagot, ESI 114 (2002), 56*–57*; A. Gorzalczany et al., ‘Atiqot 44 (2003), 171–178; D. L. Stein, ibid., 179–181; A. Romano, ESI 116 (2004), 71*.

J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; E. M. Meyers, ABD, 4, New York 1992, 12; D. Chen, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertums Wissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 4 (1995), 76–80; S. Fine, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 274; M. Aviam, ESI 111 (2000), 4*–6*; id., Judaism in Late Antiquity, III/4, Leiden 2001, 155–177; id., Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys—Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods (Land of Galilee 1), Rochester, NY 2004; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 196–198; J. Naveh, Judaism in Late Antiquity, III/4, Leiden 2001, 179–185.

Main publications: D. C. Maltsberger, Glyptic Remains from Timna: Geopolitical and Socioeconomic Implications for the Shephelah during the Amarna Period (Ph.D. diss.), Fort Worth, TX 1992; G. L. Kelm & A. Mazar, Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley, Winona Lake, IN 1995; ibid. (Reviews) BA 59 (1996), 246. — BAR 23/6 (1997), 68, 70. — JAOS 118 (1998), 440. — PEQ 130 (1998), 80–81. — BASOR 313 (1999), 88–91; A. Mazar, Timnah (Tel Batash), I: Stratigraphy and Architecture, 1–2 (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 1; Qedem 37), Jerusalem 1997; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 98 (1994), 569–570. — PEQ 126 (1994), 74–75. — 133 (2001), 67–69. — BAR 25/2 (1999), 59. — JNES 61 (2002), 151–152; id. (& N. Panitz-Cohen), Timnah (Tel Batash), II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE, 1–2 (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 2; Qedem 42), Jerusalem 2001; ibid. (Reviews) BASOR 330 (2003), 91–93. — IEJ 55 (2005), 241–244; N. Panitz-Cohen, The Pottery Assemblages of Tel Batash-Timnah, Strata IV–III (10th–8th Centuries BCE) (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 1999; id. (& A. Mazar), Timnah (Tel Batash), III: The Finds from the Second Millennium BCE (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 3; Qedem 45), Jerusalem (in press).

Studies: A. Mazar, EI 20 (1989), 195*–196*; id., BA 56 (1993), 137–139; id., Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 247–267; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 281–283; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 373–377; N. J. Bierling, Giving Goliath His Due, Grand Rapids, MI 1992; W. R. Rotter, ABD, 6, New York 1992, 556–557; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 317–323; G. Galil, ZDPV 109 (1993), 49–53; S. Gitin, Studies in the Archaeology and History of Ancient Israel, Haifa 1993, 99*–126*; C. S. Ehrlich, The Philistines in Transition: A History from ca. 1000–730 B.C.E. (Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East 10), Leiden 1996; G. L. Kelm & A. Mazar, Olive Oil in Antiquity, Padova 1996, 243–248; J. C. Waldbaum & J. Magness, AJA 101(1997), 23–40; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 100; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); N. Panitz-Cohen, ASOR Newsletter 50/1 (2000), 16; id., ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 27; id., Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 319–337; A. Faust, JMA 15 (2002), 53–73; id., BAR 30/2 (2004), 52–53, 62; I. Finkelstein, PEQ 134 (2002), 118–129; H. M. Niemann, Kein Land für sich allein, Freiburg 2002, 70–91; Z. Herzog, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 85–100.

Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract).

W. G. Dever, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 289–293; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 285–287; id., The Rural Landscape of Ancient Israel (BAR/IS 1121; eds. A. M. Maeir et al.), Oxford 2003, 43–59; M. Haiman, BASOR 303 (1996), 1–32; Y. Goren, ibid., 33–72; T. E. Levy et al., Antiquity 76/292 (2002), 425–437; I. Berelov, SHAJ 8 (2004), 45–58.

Main publication: D. Rosenberg et al., Beisamoun: The Wadi Rabah Occurrence (forthcoming).

Studies: Y. Garfinkel, CAJ 4 (1994), 159–188; Les Dossiers de l’Archéologie 203 (1995); R. Barkai, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999), 303–318; id., Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abtract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 155–170; id., Neo-Lithics 2002/1, 3–8; M. Bonogofsky, JAS 28 (2001), 671–690; 29 (2002), 959–964; id., An Osteo-Archaeological Examination of the Ancestor Cult during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Period in the Levant (Ph.D. diss., Berkeley, CA), Ann Arbor, MI 2001; id., Paléorient 27/2 (2001), 141–146; id., Journal of the Association of Graduates in Near Eastern Studies, Berkeley, CA, 9 (2002), 1–7; id., BASOR 331 (2003), 1–10; Y. Goren & A. N. Goring-Morris, JAS 28 (2001), 671–690; D. Schmandt-Besserat, Origini 24 (2002), 95–140 (pp. 116–118); id., Archaeology Odyssey 6/2 (2003), 19–27.

Main publication: S. Ben-Arieh et al., Bronze Age and Iron Age Tombs at Tell Beit Mirsim (IAA Reports 23), Jerusalem 2004.

Studies: G. Barkay, IEJ 40 (1990), 124–129; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 648–649; id., EI 27 (2003), 29*–36*; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 147–164, 399; J. Jeremias, Biblische Welten (M. Metzger Fest.; Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 123; ed. W. Zwickel), Fribourg 1993, 41–59; N. A. Silberman, BA 56 (1993), 8–16; J. G. Van der Land, Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie 1 (1994), 1–12; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Epigraphik, Darmstadt 1995, 168–172; J. Bourriau, Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson (ed. P. Der Manuelian), Boston, MA 1996, 101–116; A. Zertal, Michmanim 9 (1996), 73–82; R. Greenberg, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 295–297; O. Zimhoni, Studies in the Iron Age Pottery of Israel: Typological, Archaeological and Chronological Aspects, Tel Aviv 1997, 179–210; A. Faust, TA 26 (1999), 233–252; 29 (2002), 300–301; id., Levant 35 (2003), 123–138; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 101; S. Campbell, Chronologie des pays du Caucase et de l’Euphrate aux IVe–IIIe millénaires, Paris 2000, 54–63; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Shanks, BAR 26/6 (2000), 52–63, 71; J. D. Schloen, The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East (Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 2; Harvard Semitic Museum Publications), Winona Lake, IN 2001, 136–181; S. L. Cohen, Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections, Winona Lake, IN 2002 (index); NEA 65/1 (2002) (W. F. Albright Fest.); M. Tadmor & Y. Goren, Culture Through Objects: Ancient Near Eastern Studies (P. R. S. Moorey Fest.; Griffith Institute Publications; eds. T. Potts et al.), Oxford 2003, 189–206; G. Davies, Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions, 2: Corpus and Concordance, Cambridge 2004, 12, 36–38; I. Finkelstein & N. Na’aman, TA 31 (2004), 60–79; W. H. Shea, NEAS Bulletin 50 (2005), 1–14.

A. Boas, NEA 61/3 (1998), 138–173; H. Geva, Archaeological Sites in Israel, 4, Jerusalem 1999, 18–20; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 245–248; S. Scham, Archaeology 55/5 (2002), 24–31.

B. Brandl, ‘Atiqot 10 (1990), 14*; I. Finkelstein, ibid., 13*–14*; A. Oppenheimer, Geschichte-Tradition-Reflexion 1 (M. Hengel Fest.; ed. P. Schäfer), Tübingen 1996, 483–499; I. Ben-David, ESI 109 (1999), 96*; R. Kletter, ibid. 111 (2000), 37*–38*; S. Golan & A. Elenekave, ibid. 114 (2002), 114*–115*; Y. Gadot & Y. Tepper, TA 30 (2003), 130–162.

Y. Tsafrir, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 207–218; A. Kloner et al., Survey of Jerusalem, The Southern Sector (Archaeological Survey of Jerusalem), Jerusalem 2000; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 109–111; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix.

J. Gutmann, Bulletin of the Asia Institute 6 (1992), 79–85; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 299–300; M. Bachmann, Neukirchener Theologische Zeitschrift 9 (1994), 168–191; O. Hess, Israel Magazine 58 (1994), 27, 29, 3–34; M. Bregman, The Sacrifice of Isaac in the Three Monotheistic Religions: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Interpretation of the Scriptures, Jerusalem 16–17.3.1995 (SBF Analecta 41; ed. F. Manns), Jerusalem 1995, 127–145; R. Hachlili, ZDPV 113 (1997), 92–122; L. A. Roussin, Archaeology and the Galilee: Texts and Contexts in the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Periods (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 143; eds. D. R. Edwards & C. T. McCollough), Atlanta, GA 1997, 83–96; id., BAR 27/2 (2001), 52–56; H. Mack, Cathedra 88 (1998), 180–181; G. Stemberger, Jahrbuch für Biblische Theologie 13 (1998), 145–170; A. E. Killebrew, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 3/1–2 (1999), 17–32; Y. Englard, Cathedra 98 (2000), 172–173; E. Kessler, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 73–81; J. Magness, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 363–389, 553–554; S. S. Miller, JQR 94 (2004), 27–76.

Main publication: K. Könen, Bethel: Geschichte, Kult und Theologie (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 192), Freiburg 2003; ibid. (Reviews) UF 34 (2002), 947–949. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 62 (2005), 101–102.

Studies: Z. Kallai, Prophetie und geschichtliche Wirklichkeit im alten Israel (S. Herrmann Fest.; eds. R. Liwak & S. Wagner), Stuttgart 1991, 171–188; H. Brodsky, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 710–712; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 395–398; M. Weinfeld, Religionsgeschichtliche Beziehungen zwischen Kleinasien, Nordsyrien und dem Alten Testament (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 129; eds. B. Janowski et al.), Freiburg 1993, 455–472; D. P. Livingston, PEQ 126 (1994), 154–159; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994, 19–20; G. L. Mattingly, BA 58 (1995), 14–25; H. -D. Neef, Ephraim: Studien zur Geschichte des Stammes Ephraim von der Landname bis zur frühen Königszeit (ZAW Beihefte 238), Berlin 1995; C. J. Chang-Ho, Orientalia 66 (1997), 414–425; W. G. Dever, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 300–301; M. Gleis, Die Bamah (ZAW Beihefte 251), Berlin 1997; S. M. Langston, Cultic Sites in the Tribe of Benjamin: Benjaminite Prominence in the Religion of Israel (American University Studies Series 7; Theology and Religion 200), New York 1998; R. Scibona, Bibbia e Oriente 40/196 (1998), 65–98; Y. Amit, Studies in Historical Geography, Leiden 2000, 121–131; W. B. Barrick, Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 14 (2000), 3–16; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 101; P. Gibert, Jacob: commentaire a plusieurs voix de Gen 25–26 (A. De Pury Fest.; eds. J. -D. Macchi & T. Römer), Geneve 2001, 248–256; J. Blenkinsopp, Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period. International Conference, Tel Aviv, May 2001 (eds. O. Lipschitz & J. Blenkinsopp), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 93–107; J. -M. Van Cangh, Quelle Maison pour Dieu? (ed. Camille Focant), Paris 2003, 38–47; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 181–184; A. F. Rainey, ASOR Annual Meeting 2004, www.asor.org/AM/am.htm.

Main publication: S. Givon, The Excavation at Bet ha-Emeq 1973, Tel Aviv 1993 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: S. Givon, In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 87–106; R. Frankel, DOP 51 (1997), 73–84; id., Cura Aquarum in Israel, Siegburg 2002, 89–92; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182; M. Peilstöcker, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1335–1336; C. Delage, Les resources lithiques dans le nord d’Israël: la question des territoires d’approvisionnement Natoufiens confrontée a l’hypothèse de leur sédentarité (Ph.D. diss.), Paris 2001; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 252–259.

Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 184–186; H. I. Newman, Biblica 86 (2005), 213–228; L. Niesiolowski-Spanò, ibid., 478–493.

Main publications: G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, The Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem, Jerusalem 1993; ibid. (Review) PEQ 128 (1996), 174–175; P. Revault et al., Maisons de Bethléem, Paris 1997; M. T. Petrozzi, Bethlehem (The Holy Places of Palestine), Jerusalem 2000.

Studies: J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; H. Gazelles, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 712–715; G. Kühnel, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 197–203; id., Byzantinische Zeitschrift 86–87 (1993–1994), 86–107; id., The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art (B. Narkiss Fest.; ed. B. Kühnel), Jerusalem 1998, 151–157; id., Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 206–216; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church From the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 353–362; D. Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 1, Cambridge 1993, 137–157; J. E. Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, Oxford 1993; A. T. Jotischky, Levant 25 (1993), 213; 26 (1994), 207–223; I. McDowell, BH 30 (1994), 8–10; D. W. Manor, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 302; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A. D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 146–152; R. F. Campanati, The Madaba Map Centenary, 1897–1999: Travelling Through the Byzantine Umayyad Period (SBF Collectio Maior 40; eds. M. Piccirillo & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1999, 173–177; F. Mébarki, MdB 121 (1999), 94; S. Santelli et al., Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 72–83; L. Bonato & M. Emery, LA 50 (2000), 401–410; In Terrasanta: dalla Crociata alla Custodia dei Luoghi Sandi (Milano, 17.2.–21.3.2000; ed. M. Piccirillo), Firenze 2000, 114–124; S. Mason & J. Murphy-O’Connor, BR 16/1 (2000), 31–45, 50–54; K. Prag, PEQ 132 (2000), 169–181; W. Pullan, Text and Artifact, Waterloo, ONT 2000, 308–321; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002; C. Heitz, MdB Hors Série 2005, 44–46; A. Lewin, The Archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine, Los Angeles, CA 2005, 138–144; A. Oshri, Archaeology 58/6 (2005), 42–45.

M. Dadon & Y. Zelinger, ‘Atiqot 32 (1997), 40*–41*.

I. Yezerski, JSRS 6 (1996), xi; BAR 25/3 (1999), 21; F. de Cree, ZDPV 115 (1999), 59–84; Y. Baruch & I. Sharuch, ESI 111 (2000), 74*–75*; 112 (2000), 89*; F. P. M. Karg, Antike Welt 34 (2003), 285–294.

J. Patrich, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 265–272; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Inschriften, 1 (Handbuch der Althebräischen Epigraphik), Darmstadt 1995, 242–250; P. Sarkio, ZDPV 113 (1997), 39–60; Z. Zevit, The Religions of Ancient Israel: A Synthesis of Parallactic Approaches, London 2001; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 109; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix.

Main publication: Y. & Y. Tepper, Beit She‘arim: The Village and Nearby Burials, Tel Aviv 2004 (Heb.).

Studies: P. W. Van der Horst, BAR 18/5 (1992), 46–57; Z. Weiss, The Galilee in Late Antiquity (ed. L. I. Levine), New York 1992, 357–371; id., EI 25 (1996), 102*; F. Vitto, ‘Atiqot 28 (1996), 115–146; L. I. Levine, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 309–311; R. Sivan, The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (ed. Marta de la Torre), Los Angeles 1997; M. L. Fischer, Marble Studies, Konstanz 1998; T. Rajak, The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco-Roman Culture, 1 (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum 71; ed. P. Schäfer), Tübingen 1998, 349–366; id., The Jewish Dialogue with Greece and Rome: Studies in Cultural and Social Interaction (Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums 48), Leiden 2001; B. -Z. Rosenfeld, HUCA 69 (1998), 57; id., Cathedra 114 (2004), 177; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); J. Elayi & H. Sayegh, Port, Paris 1998–2000; I. C. Freestone & Y. Gorin-Rosen, Journal of Glass Studies 41 (1999), 105–116; id. (et al.), La route du verre (Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient Mediterraneen 33; ed. M. -D. Nenna), Lyon 2000, 65–84; D. Lipkunsky, ESI 19 (1999), 20*; Y. Argaman, ESI 20 (2000), 27*; S. Fine, BR 16/5 (2000), 32–43; I. Jabur, ESI 112 (2000), 119; R. N. Longenecker, Text and Artifact, Waterloo, ONT 2000, 249–270; M. L. Satlow, World Congress of Jewish Studies, 12/B, Jerusalem 2000, 17–24; Z. Yavor, ESI 20 (2000), 26*–27*; M. Peilstöcker & Y. Lehrer, ibid 113 (2001), 28*–30*; Y. Gorin-Rosen, Michmanim 16 (2002), 7*–18*; H. Misgav, JSRS 11 (2002), xvi; M. Tilly, Antike Welt 34 (2003), 143–150; Artifax 20/2 (2005), 6.

R. Reich, EI 23 (1992), 154*; id., TA 19 (1992), 113–123; W. I. Toews, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 701–702; B. Alpert Nakhai, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 314; A. M. Berlin, BA 60 (1997), 2–51; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 103; M. C. D’Angelo, Actas del IV Congrèso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Punicos, Cadiz, 2–6.10.1995, 1–4 (eds. M. E. Aubet & M. Barthelemy), Cadiz 2000, 1511–1517; H. Shanks, BAR 26/6 (2000), 52–63, 71; W. Thiel, Bibel und Kirche 57 (2002), 95–103.

E. J. Stern, ESI 15 (1996), 28–30; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 103; Y. Alexandre & E. J. Stern, ‘Atiqot 42 (2001), 183–195.

M. Haiman, IEJ 44 (1994), 36–61; J. Sarel, The Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in Israel: Technological Analysis (Ph.D. diss.), Haifa 2002; id., ibid. (BAR/IS 1229), Oxford 2004; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30; K. Monigal, More Than Meets the Eye: Studies on Upper Palaeolithic Diversity in the Near East (eds. A. N. Goring-Morris & A. Belfer-Cohen), Oxford 2003, 118–133.

B. Alpert Nakhai, BAR 20/3 (1994), 20; V. Hurowitz, BR 10/5 (1994), 27; A. Mazar, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 383–384; id., PEQ 131 (1999), 144–148; I. Finkelstein, ibid. 130 (1998), 94–98.

E. Stern, EI 24 (1993), 238*; A. Ofer, Cathedra 90 (1998), 197; J. Patrich, The Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (eds. L. H. Schiffman & J. C. VanderKam), 1, Oxford 2000, 103–103.

Main publications: H. Blödhorn, Die Kapitelle der Synagoge von Kapernaum: ihre zeitliche und stilistische Einordnung im Rahmen der Kapitellentwicklung in der Dekapolis und Palästina (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Paläsina-Vereins 11), Wiesbaden 1993; S. Loffreda, Recovering Capharnaum, 2nd ed., Jerusalem 1993; id., Kapernaum, Jerusalem 1994; id., Cafarnao, Jerusalem 1995; id., Cafarnaum, Jerusalem 1995; id., Cafarnao V: Documentazione fotografica degli scavi (1968–2003) (SBF Collectio Maior 44), Jerusalem 2005; Entrarono a Cafarnao: lettura interdisciplinare di Marco 1 (V. Ravanelli Fest.; SBF Analecta 44; eds. M. Adinolfi & P. Kasawalder), Jerusalem 1997.

Studies: Y. Stepansky, ESI 10 (1991), 87–90; 12 (1993), 10–11; 112 (2000), 9*–11*; 115 (2003), 9*; V. C. Corbo, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 866–869; id., Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 71–76; J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; J. C. H. Laughlin, BAR 19/5 (1993), 54–61, 90; S. Loffreda, Early Christianity in Context: Monuments and Documents (E. Testa Fest.; SBF Collection Maior 38; eds. F. Mann & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1993, 37–67; id., LA 47 (1997), 223–244; id., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 416–419; J. E. Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, Oxford 1993; B. Brenk, Byzantine East, Latin West (K. Weitzmann Fest.; eds. C. Moss & K. Kiefer), Princeton, NJ 1995, 15–28; Y. Tsafrir, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1, Ann Arbor, MI 1995, 151–161; E. A. Arslan, LA 46 (1996), 307–316; 47 (1997), 245–328; id., Revue Numismatique 159 (2003), 27–39; B. Callegher, ibid., 329–338; K. M. Galor, Domestic Architecture in Galilee and Golan during the Roman and Byzantine Periods (1st Century B.C. to 7th Century A.D.) (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1996; id., Miscellanea Mediterranea (ed. R. R. Holloway), Providence, RI 2000, 109–124; id., NEA 66 (2003), 44–57; J. Magness, JAOS 117 (1997), 307–316, 481–486; id., Cathedra 101 (2001), 204–205; id., Judaism in Late Antiquity III/4, Leiden 2001, 1–48; C. D. Tarbes. MdB 104 (1997), 71; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); Z. U. Ma‘oz, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 2, Portsmouth, RI 1999, 137–148; M. Nun, BAR 25/4 (1999), 18–31, 64; V. Shalev, Historical Context, Structure and Function in the Churches of Palestine in Late Antiquity (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999 (Eng. abstract); F. Manns, Les Dossiers de l’Archéologie 249 (1999–2000), 46–55; Z. Gal & H. Butros, ESI 111 (2000), 11*; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 76–78; B. D. Chilton, Religious Texts and Material Contexts (Studies in Ancient Judaism; eds. J. Neusner & J. F. Strange), Lanham, MD 2001, 63–71; M. L. Fischer, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 44 (2001), 142–167; LA 51 (2001), 470–471; J. F. Strange, Religious Texts and Material Contexts (op. cit.), Lanham, MD 2001, 43–62; id., Continuity and Renewal: Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine (ed. L. I. Levine), Jerusalem 2004, 530–543; E. M. Meyers, AJA 106 (2002), 244; P. Richardson, New Testament Studies 48 (2002), 314–331; id., Building Jewish in the Roman East (Suppls. to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 92), Waco, TX 2004, 91–107; A. Runesson, Svensk Exegetisk Arsbok 67 (2002), 121–144; BAR 29/1 (2003), 50–51, 53; LA 53 (2003), 520; R. Reisner, Leben am See Gennesaret, Mainz am Rhein 2003, 173–180; J. Zangenberg, ibid., 99–103; BAR 30/1 (2004), 46–47; K. N. Schoville, NEAS Bulletin 49 (2004), 15–26; F. Comte & B. Pixner, MdB Hors Serie 2005, 20–23; C. A. Evans, The Missions of James, Peter, and Paul: Tensions in Early Christianity (Suppls. to Novum Testamentum 115; eds. B. Chilton & C. A. Evans), Leiden 2005, 211–231; L. I. Levine, The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 2nd ed., New Haven, CT 2005, 51–52; A. Lewin, The Archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine, Los Angeles, CA 2005, 66–73.

Y. Hirschfeld, ESI 10 (1991), 36–37; id., The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period, New Haven, CO 1992; id., Early Christianity in Context: Monuments and Documents (E. Testa Fest.; SBF Collection Maior 38; eds. F. Mann & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1993, 297–311; id., LA 50 (2000), 315–362; id., The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 428–437; id., PEQ 136 (2004), 133–149; J. Patrich, Cristianesimo nella Storia 16 (1995), 1–9; id., Michmanim 8 (1995), 9–10*; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001; M. L. Delbridge, Prayer from Alexander to Constantine: A Critical Anthology (eds. M. Kiley et al.), London 1997, 171–175; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 176–205.

Main publication: Z. Yeivin et al., The Synagogue at Korazim: The 1962–1964, 1980–1987 Excavations (IAA Reports 10), Jerusalem 2000 (Eng. abstracts).

Studies: R. S. Smith, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 911–912; K. M. Galor, Domestic Architecture in Galilee and Golan during the Roman and Byzantine Periods (1st Century B.C. to 7th Century A.D.) (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1996; id., NEA 66 (2003), 44–57; S. Fine, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 490–491; Y. Stepansky, ESI 112 (2000), 9*–11*; N. May, ‘Atiqot 43 (2002), 207–252; E. Yehuda, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 9 (2003), 9–25; K. N. Schoville, NEAS Bulletin 49 (2004), 15–26; P. Gruson, MdB Hors Serie 2005, 24–25.

Main publications: J. T. Burtchaell, From Synagogue to Church: Public Services and Offices in the Earliest Christian Communities, Cambridge 1992; ibid. (Review) BR 10/2 (1994), 11–12; L. A. Roussin, The Iconography of the Figural Pavements of Early Byzantine Palestine, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University 1985), Ann Arbor, MI 1992; Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993; ibid. (Reviews) LA 44 (1994), 722–725. — Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 89 (1994), 561–564. — PEQ 126 (1994), 174–175. — BASOR 298 (1995), 94–95. — JAOS 115 (1995), 114. — The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1 (1995), 304–311. — AJA 100 (1996), 194–195. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 53 (1996), 824–827. — JNES 57 (1998), 223–224. —Syria 76 (1999), 315; M. Piccirillo, The Mosaics of Jordan (ACOR Publications 1; eds. P. M. Bikai & T. A. Dailey), Amman 1993; ibid. (Reviews) BASOR 296 (1994), 84–86. — BAR 22/2 (1996), 58–59. — IEJ 46 (1996), 140–142. — JRA 9 (1996), 594–597. — Jordan Antiquity Annual, 1–2 (1997–1998), #22; W. Sanderson, Early Christian Buildings: A Graphic Introduction (300–600), Champlain, NY 1993; D. Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 1–2, Cambridge 1993–1998; ibid. (Reviews) PEQ 126 (1994), 85–86. — ZDPV 110 (1994), 88–90. — 116 (2000), 188–190. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 52 (1995), 816–817. —BAR 22/2 (1996), 68–69. — IEJ 46 (1996), 282–284. — 49 (1999), 286–288. — Levant 28 (1996), 225. — Syria 73 (1996), 226. — 77 (2000), 349. — AJA 103 (1999), 582–584. — BASOR 314 (1999), 91–93. — Antiquity 75/289 (2001), 635–639; id., Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer, Cambridge 1997; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 103 (1999), 582–584. — BASOR 314 (1999), 89–91. — Antiquity 75/289 (2001), 635–639; Churches Built in Ancient Times: Recent Studies in Early Christian Archaeology (ed. K. S. Painter; Society of Antiquaries Occasional Papers 16), London 1994; ibid. (Review) PEQ 129 (1997), 86–88; L. J. Hoppe, The Synagogues and Churches of Ancient Palestine (A Michael Glazier Book), Collegeville, MN 1994; ibid. (Review) LA 44 (1994), 719–720; S. Schrenk, Typos und Antitypos in der frühchristlichen Kunst (Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 21), Münster 1995; Architectural Studies in Memory of Richard Krautheimer (ed. C. L. Striker), Mainz am Rhen 1996; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998; A. M. Schneider, Reticulum: Ausgewählte Aufsätze und Katalog siener Sammlunges (ed. H. R. Seeliger, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 25), Münster 1998; P. Baumann, Spätantike Stifter im Heiligen Land: Darstellung und Inschriften auf Bodenmosaiken in Kirchen, Synagogen und Privathäusern (Spätantike Frühes Christentum Byzanz Kunst in Ersten Jahrtausend B: Studien und Perspektiven 5), Wiesbaden 1999; V. Shalev, Historical Context, Structure and Function in the Churches of Palestine in Late Antiquity (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999 (Eng. abstract); A. Strus, Bet Gemal: Pathway to the Tradition of Saints Stephen and Gamaliel, Roma 2000; id. (et al.), Khirbet Fattir-Bet Jemal: Two Ancient Jewish and Christian Sites in Israel, Roma 2003; ibid. (Review) LA 52 (2002), 598–600; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001; ibid. (Review) Bibliotheca Orientalis 59 (2002), 618–619; id., Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002; id., Ancient Christian Villages of Samaria (SBF Collectio Minor 39), Jerusalem 2002; A. Michel, Les églises d’époque Byzantine et Umayyade de Jordanie (provinces d’Arabie et de Palestine) Ve–VIIIe siècles: typologie architecturale et aménagements liturgiques, avec catalogue des monuments (Bibliothèque de l’Antiquite tardive 2), Turnhout 2001; ibid. (Reviews) LA 51 (2001), 375–378. — CRAIBL 2002/2, 494–495. — JRA 15 (2002), 690–699. — L’Antiquite Classique 72 (2003), 672; J. Wilkinson, From Synagogue to Church–The Traditional Design: Its Beginning, its Definition, its End, London 2002; ibid. (Review) PEQ 136 (2004), 190–193; Les églises de Jordanie et leurs mosaïques: Actes de la journée d’études…, Lyon 4.1989 (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 168; ed. N. Duval), Beirut 2003; Io Notaio Nicola de Martoni: il pellegrinaggio ai Luogui Santi da Carinola a Gerusalemme 1394–1395 (SBF Collectio Maior 42; ed. M. Piccirillo), Jerusalem 2003; Horvat Karkur ‘Illit: A Byzantine Cemetery Church in the Northern Negev (Final Report of the Excavations 1989–1995) (Beer-Sheva Archaeological Monographs 1; Beer-Sheva 16; ed. P. Figueras), Beer-Sheva 2004; Cyril of Scythopolis, Lives of Monks of the Judaean Desert (introduction & tr. L. Di Segni), Jerusalem 2005 (Heb.); L. Habas, The Figurative Themes of the Mosaic Pavements in the Churches of Provincia Arabia: Origins, Style and Iconography (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem (in prep.).

Studies: J. R. Branham, Art Bulletin 74 (1992), 375–394; A. Chambon & A. Strus, RB 99 (1992), 425–439; P. Figueras, MdB 78 (1992), 60–63; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 5–7; id., Aram 15 (2003), 49–69; J. Patrich, LA 41 (1992), 429–448; 50 (2000), 363–382; id., The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 470–487; id., Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader (ed. S. Richard), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 479–486; A. Strus, Salesianum 54 (1992), 1–26, 453–478; E. Testa, LA 42 (1992), 109–144; Z. Yeivin, ‘Atiqot 21 (1992), 109–128; B. Kühnel, Jewish Art 19–20 (1993–1994), 113–123; id., Relics in the Art and Culture of the Eastern Christian World: Abstracts of Papers and Material from International Symposium (ed. A. Lidov), Moscow 2000, 33–34; N. Monell, Bibbia e Oriente 35 (1993), 217–233; J. Poulin, MdB 82 (1993), 46–48; A. Strobel, ZDPV 109 (1993), 54–63; Y. Tsafrir, BAR 19/5 (1993), 26–39; id., Antiquite Tardive 8 (2000), 149–164; id., Relics in the Art and Culture of the Eastern Christian World (op. cit.) Moscow 2000, 18; V. Tzaferis, Studies in the Archaeology and History of Ancient Israel, Haifa 1993, 227–249; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 317–321; E. G. Van Welie, Boreas 16 (1993), 165–180; G. Anderlini, Bibbia et Oriente 36/179 (1994), 41–61; Christians in the Holy Land (eds. M. Prior & W. Taylor), London 1994; L. Di Segni, SCI 13 (1994), 94–115; id., Dated Greek Inscriptions from Palestine from the Roman and Byzantine Periods (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1997; id., LA 50 (2000), 383–400; id., Aram 15 (2003), 247–267; J. Elsner, Art History 17 (1994), 81–102; Y. Hirschfeld, BA 57 (1994), 122–133; id., RB 106 (1999), 236–249; A. Jotischky, Levant 26 (1994), 207–223; H. -P. Kuhnen, ZDPV 110 (1994), 36–50; W. H. Mare, Aram 6 (1994), 359–379; id., ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 34; id., SHAJ 8 (2004), 301–309; M. Piccirillo, LA 44 (1994), 381–404; 47 (1997), 375–394; id., The Madaba Map Centenary, 1897–1997: Travelling Through the Byzantine Umayyad Period. Proceedings of the International Conference, Amman, 7–9.4.1997 (SBF Collectio Maior 40; eds. M. Piccirillo & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1999, 218–221; D. Pringle, The Military Orders, 1: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick (ed. M. Barber), Aldershot 1994, 148–166; C. Dauphin (& S. Gibson), BAIAS 14 (1994–1995), 9–38; id., LA 49 (1999), 397–430; H. Goldfus et al., ibid. 45 (1995), 247–292; P. H. F. Jakobs, ibid., 873–880; V. Lassalle, Pelerinages et Croisades: Actes du 118e Congrès National des Sociétés Historiques et Scientifiques, Pau, Oct 1993, Section Archéologie et Histoire de l’Art, Paris 1995, 321–332; S. Margalit, LA 45 (1995), 357–400; P. Marzolff, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 20 (1995), 1024–1032; A. & N. Monelli, Bibbia e Oriente 37 (1995), 49–59; R. Schick, The Christian Communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic Rule: A Historical and Archaeological Study (Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 2), Princeton, NJ 1995; id., NEA 61 (1998), 86–88; J. -P. Sodini, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1, Ann Arbor, MI 1995, 304–311; F. Vitto, Bosphorus (C. Mango Fest.; Byzantinische Forschungen 21; eds. S. Efthymiadis & C. Rapp), Amsterdam 1995, 283–300; M. Ben-Dov, Yoqne‘am, I: The Late Periods (Qedem Reports 3 by A. Ben-Tor et al.), Jerusalem 1996, 42–46; id., Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 83–93; R. C. Gregg & D. Urman, Jews, Pagans, and Christians in the Golan Hights: Greek and Other Inscriptions of the Roman and Byzantine Eras (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 140), Atlanta, GA 1996; J. E. Zias & P. D. Mitchell, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101 (1996), 491–502; A. Aronshtam, ‘Atiqot 32 (1997), 49*–50*; P. C. Finney, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 1–5; R. Hachlili, ZDPV 113 (1997), 92–122; Taha Hamdan, LA 47 (1997), 359–374; R. Rubin, Journal of Historical Geography 23 (1997), 267–283; id., Mediterranean Historical Review 1998, 56–74; Y. Baruch, JSRS 8 (1998), xx; S. Gibson & Fanny Vitto, LA 48 (1998), 315–334; B. Z. Kedar et al., Sacred Space, Shrine, City, Land. Proceedings of the International Conference, Jerusalem, 8–13.6.1992. (J. Prawer Fest.; eds. B. Z. Kedar & R. J. Z. Werblowsky), London 1998; W. E. Kleinbauer, The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art (B. Narkiss Fest.; ed. B. Kühnel), Jerusalem 1998, 140–146; M. Aviam, Galilee through the Centuries, Winona Lake, IN 1999, 281–300; id., One Land—Many Cultures, Jerusalem 2003, 41–59; id., Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys—Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods (Land of Galiliee 1), Rochester, NY 2004; H. Eshel et al., JRA 12 (1999), 411–422; L’invention des églises (MdB 121; eds. A. de Preville & J. -P. Caillet), Paris 1999, 12–82; S. T. Parker, NEA 62 (1999), 134–180; D. Bar, Changes in the Rural Population of Palestine and its Distribution from the Bar-Kokhba Revolt to the Arab Conquest (Ph.D. diss), Jerusalem 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Dudman, Galilee Revisited: With Mary Magdalene and 20 Other Immortals in Search of Jesus, Jerusalem 2000; L. Habas, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 111–130; G. Kühnel, Relics in the Art and Culture of the Christian World (op. cit.), Moscow 2000, 54; R. Talgam, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 93–110; E. Grabiner, Assaph B/6 (2001), 119–138; M. Itah & Y. Baruch, JSRS 10 (2001), xxii; J. F. Strange, Religious Texts and Material Context (Studies in Ancient Judaism; eds. J. Neusner & J. F. Strange), Lanham, MD 2001, 43–62, 89–138; Z. Vseteckova, The Old Testament as Inspiration in Culture: International Academic Symposium, Prague, Sept. 1995 (eds. J. Heller et al.), Trebenice 2001, 96–110; A. Ovadiah, Art and Archaeology in Israel and Neighbouring Countries, London 2002, 104–124, 159–171; M. W. Merrony, BAIAS 21 (2003), 55–64; R. Mkhjian & C. Kanellopoulos, ADAJ 47 (2003), 9–18; Palestinian Christianity 500–1000 A.D. (Aram 15), Oxford 2003; B. Zissu & D. Weiss, JSRS 13 (2004), xv; S. Hoss & S. Ristow, Welt und Umwelt der Bibel 32 (2004), 72–77; D. Milson, PEQ 136 (2004), 45–56; K. J. H. Vriezen, SHAJ 8 (2004), 469–476.

H. Eshel, JSRS 4 (1994), xiii–xiv, 108, 112; G. Garbrecht & Y. Peleg, BA 57 (1994), 161–170; A. Ovadiah, 5th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, Bath, 5–12.9.1987 (JRA Suppl. Series 9; eds. P. Johnson et al.), Ann Arbor, MI 1994, 67–77; K. Fittschen, Judaea and the Greco-Roman World in the Time of Herod in the Light of Archaeological Evidence, Göttingen 1996, 139–161; G. Foerster, ibid., 52–53; O. Guri-Rimon, Cathedra 82 (1996), 191; E. Netzer, Judaea and the Greco-Roman World in the Time of Herod in the Light of Archaeological Evidence, Göttingen 1996, 34; id., Roman Baths and Bathing: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Roman Baths, Bath, 30.3–4.4.1992 (JRA Suppl. Series 37; eds. J. Delaine & D. E. Johnston), Portsmouth, RI 1999, 45–55; P. Richardson, Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans (Studies on Personalities of the New Testament), Columbia, SC 1996; Z. Meshel, IEJ 47 (1997), 295–297; id., (& D. Amit), The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 311–329; id., JSRS 12 (2003), xi; Le opere fortificate de Erode il Grand, Firenze 1997; D. W. Roller, The Building Program of Herod the Great, Berkeley, CA 1998; A. Lichtenberger, Die Baupolitik Herodes des Grossen (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 26), Wiesbaden 1999; P. Donceel-Voûte, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 8: Actes du 8. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne, 6–11.10.1997 (Cahiers d’Archéologie romande 86; eds. D. Paunier & C. Schmidt), 2, Lausanne 2001, 490–509; M. Fischer, & O. Tal, ZDPV 119 (2003), 19–37; E. Netzer & I. Damati, Hasmonean and Herodian Palaces at Jericho: Final Reports of the 1973–1987 Excavations (director E. Netzer), II: Stratigraphy and Architecture, Jerusalem 2004, 233–280; N. Liphschitz, ibid., 281–285.

D. T. Ariel, ‘Atiqot 20 (1991), 74–80; R. C. Gregg & D. Urman, Jews, Pagans, and Christians in the Golan Heights: Greek and Other Inscriptions of the Roman and Byzantine Eras (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 140), Atlanta, GA 1996.

Main publication: R. Gophna et al., Excavations at Tel Dalit: An Early Bronze Age Walled Town in Central Israel, Tel Aviv 1996.

Study: R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464.

Main publications: M. J. Winn Leith, Greek and Persian Images in Pre-Alexandrine Samaria: The Wadi ed-Daliyeh Seal Impressions (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge, MA 1990), Ann Arbor, MI 1993; id., Wadi Daliyeh, I: The Wadi Daliyeh Seal Impressions (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 24), Oxford 1997; ibid. (Reviews) BAR 25/4 (1999), 56, 58–59. — Dead Sea Discoveries 9 (2002), 258–262. — JNES 62 (2003), 27–30; D. M. Gropp et al., Wadi Daliyeh, II: The Samaria Papyri from Wadi Daliyeh (Qumran Cave 4/XXVIII: Miscellanea 2; Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 28), Oxford 2001; Surveys and Excavations of Caves in the Northern Judean Desert (CNJD) -1993 (‘Atiqot 41/2), Jerusalem 2002.

Studies: D. M. Gropp, Maarav 5–6 (1990), 165–188; id., ABD, 5, New York 1992, 931–932; id., The Dead Sea Scrolls, 50 Years after Their Discovery: Major Issues and New Approaches. An International Congress, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 20–25 7.1997 (eds. L. H. Schiffman et al.), Jerusalem 2000, 826–835; F. M. Cross, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 3–4; J. Schwartz & Y. Spanier, Cathedra 65 (1992), 190; J. H. McCulloch, BAR 19/4 (1993), 49; H. Eshel, JSRS 4 (1994), 106–107, 117; id., EI 26 (1999), 226*; P. K. McCarter, Jr., Ancient Inscriptions: Voices from the Biblical World, Washington, DC 1996; Y. Spanier, JSRS 5 (1995), xii; 6 (1996), xiii; J. Zsengeller, Zeitschrift für Althebräistik 9 (1996), 182–189; L. Cansdale, Qumran and the Essenes: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence (Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum 60), Tübingen 1997; W. G. Dever, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 101–102; O. Pedersen, Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East, 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda, MD 1998, 226–227; R. Zadok, UF 30 (1998), 781–828; H. M. Cotton, ZDPV 115 (1999), 228–247; id., SCI 20 (2001), 118–119; B. A. Levine, EI 26 (1999), 230*; M. J. Winn Leith, The Dead Sea Scrolls, 50 Years after Their Discovery (op. cit.), Jerusalem 2000, 691–707; Y. Peleg & N. Hameiri, ‘Atiqot 41/2 (2002), 1–4; R. Kessler, “Einen Altar von Erde mache mir…” (D. Conrad Fest.; Kleine Arbeiten zum Alten und Neuen Testament 4/5; eds. J. F. Diehl et al.), Waltrop 2003, 169–181.

Main publication: Y. Hirschfeld et al., The Early Byzantine Monastery at Khirbet ed-Deir in the Judean Desert: The Excavations in 1981–1987 (Qedem 38), Jerusalem 1999; ibid. (Reviews) Bonner Jahrbücher 200 (2000), 716–719. — BASOR 322 (2001), 91–94. — Byzantinische Zeitschrift 94 (2001), 312–314. — PEQ 133 (2001), 63. — Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 77 (2001), 631–633. — AJA 107 (2003), 140–141.

Studies: M. McRoy, Archaeology in the Biblical World 1/1 (1991), 2–3; Y. Hirschfeld, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 244–258; id., BAR 21/5 (1995), 28–37; P. Donceel-Voûte, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 20 (1995), 202.

O. Buchsenschutz, MdB 75 (1992), 16–19; T. Dothan, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 130–133; id., BA 56 (1993), 132–134; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 140–141; id., BAR 24/5 (1998), 24–37, 70, 72; id., The White Slip Ware of Late Bronze Age Cyprus, Wien 2001, 157–160; J. Yellin, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 14 (1993), 25–39; A. E. Killebrew, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 135–162; id., Archaeology, History and Culture in Palestine and the Near East, Atlanta, GA 1999, 83–126; id., Egypt, Israel, and the Ancient Mediterranean World (D. B. Redford Fest.; Probleme de Ägyptologie 20; eds. G. N. Knoppers & A. Hirsch), Leiden 2004, 309–344; M. -M. Sadek, Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 58–59; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 104; P. Blanc, Gaza Mediterranéenne: histoire et archéologie en Palestine (ed. J. -B. Humbert), Paris 2000, 127–135; H. Richter, Die Phönizischen Anthropoiden Sarkophage, 2: Tradition, Rezeption, Wander (Forschungen zur Phönizisch-Punischen und Zyprischen Plastik I/2; ed. Simone Frede), Mainz 2002, 243–271; M. A. S. Martin, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 265–284; id., Aspects of the Egyptian Involvement in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Canaan: The Egyptian and Egyptian-Style Pottery—A Case Study, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Wien 2005.

D. Syon, ESI 114 (2002), 1*.

Main publication: U. Worschech, Cromlechs, Dolmen und Menhire (Beiträge zur Erforschung der Antiken Moabitis (Ard el-Kerak), 2 (Vergleichende Studien zu Vor-und Frühgeschichtlichen Grabanlagein in Jordanien; Veröffentlischungen des Instituts für Biblische Archäologie an der Theologischen Hochschule Friedensau), Frankfurt am Main 2002; ibid. (Review) ADAJ 46 (2002), 629–631.

Studies: L. Vinitzky, EI 21 (1991), 107*; id., TA 19 (1992), 100–112; D. Bahat, The Architecture of Ancient Israel, Jerusalem 1992, 91–93; Y. Mizrahi, BAR 18/4 (1992), 46–54, 84; id. (et al.), IEJ 46 (1996), 167–196; C. M. Dauphin, Cathedra 73 (1994), 198; M. Zohar, Early Transition Periods in the Archaeology of Syria-Palestine (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1994 (Eng. abstract); K. Prag, The Archaeology of Death, Oxford 1995, 75–84; D. Ilan, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 167–168; C. Nicolle et al., ADAJ 43 (1999), 91–98; J. A. Fernandez-Tresguerres Velasco, SHAJ 7 (2001), 173–178; R. Greenberg, Early Urbanizations in the Levant: A Regional Narrative (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology), London 2002; The 1994 Season at Tall al-‘Umayri and Subsequent Studies (Madaba Plains Project 5; eds. L. G. Herr et al.), Berrien Springs, MI 2002.

R. E. Colley & G. D. Pratico, Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 70–92; id., Preliminary Excavation Reports: Sardis, Bir Umm Fawakhir, Tell el-Umeiri, The Combined Caesarea Expeditions and Tell Dothan (AASOR 52; ed. W. G. Dever), Philadelphia 1995, 147–190; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 171; W. G. Dever, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 226–227; C. L. Cockerham, BASOR 298 (1995), 75–76; H. -D. Neef, Ephraim: Studien zur Geschichte des Stammes Ephraim von der Landname bis zur frühen Königszeit (ZAW Beihefte 238), Berlin 1995; G. Galil, Cathedra 84 (1997), 189; A. Rofe, Ki Baruch hu: Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical and Judaic Studies (B. A. Levine Fest.; eds. R. Chazan et al.), Winona Lake, IN 1999, 345–353; J. S. E. Lev-Tov & E. F. Maher, PEQ 133 (2001), 91–110; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 104–105; O. Sion, Settlement History in the Central Samarian Region in the Byzantine Period, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2001 (Eng. abstract); R. Kletter, IEJ 52 (2002), 32–35; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 211–215.

Main publications: M. Machlin, Joshua’s Altar: The Dig at Mount Ebal, New York 1991; O. Cohen, Indentation and Incisions on Clay Vessels in the Iron Age I Period in the Central Hill Country of Canaan (M.A. Thesis), Haifa 2005 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: M. Bar-Ilan, JSRS 2 (1992), vii–viii; A. Zertal, The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution, Oct. 26, 1991, Washington, DC 1992, 76–78; id., ABD, 2, New York 1992, 255–258; ibid., 5, New York 1992, 1186–1187; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 179–180; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 238–250; V. Fritz, Das Buch Josua (Handbuch zum Alten Testament I/07), Tübingen 1994; id., “Einen Altar von Erde mache mir…” (D. Conrad Fest.; Kleine Arbeiten zum Alten und Neuen Testament 4/5; eds. J. F. Diehl et al.), Waltrop 2003, 41–55; BAR 22/5 (1996), 22; C. T. Begg, Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 73 (1997), 82–83; E. Noort, Deuteronomy and Deuteronomic Literature (C. H. W. Brekelmans Fest.; eds. M. Vervenne & J. Lust), Leuven 1997, 161–180; P. A. Barker, Tyndale Bulletin 49 (1998), 277–303; J. M. Van Cangh, MdB 110 (1998), 36–41; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; Y. Meitlis, JSRS 10 (2001), ix; Y. Ziv, ibid. 11 (2002), x–xi; Y. Elitzur & D. Nir-Zevi, PEQ 135 (2003), 30–36; id., BAR 30/3 (2004), 35–39; A. Mazar, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 85–98; D. Nir-Zevi & Y. Elitzur, JSRS 12 (2003), viii–ix; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91.

J. Kaplan, ABD, 3, New York 1992, 643–644; Y. Garfinkel, Neolithic and Chalcolithic Pottery of the Southern Levant (Qedem 39), Jerusalem 1999.

I. Finkelstein, EI 21 (1991), 109*–110*; W. G. Dever, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 184–185; id., OEANE, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 35–36; A. Mazar, ibid. 23 (1992), 152*–153*; id., IEJ 45 (1995), 85–117; Archaeological Survey of the Hill Country of Benjamin (Archaeological Survey of Israel; eds. I. Finkelstein & Y. Magen), Jerusalem 1993; Y. Elitzur, JSRS 3 (1993), viii–ix; A. Mederos Martin, Madrider Mitteilungen 41 (2000), 83–111; B. Zissu, JSRS 10 (2001), xvii–xviii; id., PEQ 133 (2001), 145–158; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91.

Main publications: Emmaus-Qubeibeh: The Results of Excavations at Emmaus-Qubeibeh and Nearby Sites (1873, 1887–1890, 1900–1902, 1940–1944) (SBF Collectio Maior 4), Jerusalem 1993; A. Chouraqui, Abu Gosh: de l’Emmaus des croises au monastère de la resurrection, Ile-d’Yeu 1995; B. Chenu, Disciples d’Emmaüs, Paris 2003; ibid. (Review) MdB 156 (2004), 60; K. -H. Fleckenstein et al., Emmaus in Judäa: Geschichte, Exegese, Archäologie (Biblische Archäologie und Zeitgeschichte), Giessen 2005.

Studies (includes Nicopolis): H. Eshel, INJ 11 (1990–1991), 7–8; E. Dvorjetski, Aram 4 (1992), 425–449; 13–14 (2001–2002), 485–512; id., Medicinal Hot Springs in Eretz-Israel during the Period of the Second Temple, the Mishna and the Talmud (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1993 (Eng. abstract); id., Latomus 56 (1997), 567–581; id., Roman Baths and Bathing: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Roman Baths, Bath, 30. 3–4.4.1992 (JRA Suppl. Series 37; eds. J. Delaine & D. E. Johnston), Portsmouth, RI 1999, 117–129; id. (et al.), Stories from a Heated Earth: Our Geothermal Heritage (eds. R. Cataldi et al.), San Diego, CA 1999, 34–49; id., BAR 30/4 (2004), 16–27, 60; O. Goldwasser, IEJ 42 (1992), 47–51; J. F. Strange, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 497–498; R. Shallev, The Emmaus Region during the Roman-Byzantine Period, Ramat-Gan 1994 (Eng. abstract); R. M. Mackowski, Cities of Jesus: A Study of the “Three Degrees of Importance” of Holy Land Places, Roma 1995; M. Ehrlich, ZDPV 112 (1996), 165–169; I. Roll, EI 25 (1996), 107*–109*; K. -H. Fleckenstein, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 5 (1997), 71–97; 10 (2004), 196–197; M. Gichon, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 240–241; R. Ellenblum, Frankish Rural Settlements in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Cambridge 1998; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; In Terrasanta dalla croiciata alla Custodia dei Luoghi Santi (ed. M. Piccirillo), Fireze 2000, 132; Z. Vseteckova, The Old Testament as Inspiration in Culture: International Academic Symposium, Prague, Sept. 1995 (eds. J. Heller et al.), Trebenice 2001, 96–110; E. Friedheim, RB 109 (2002), 101–108; Y. Hirschfeld, The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 187–198; id., PEQ 136 (2004), 133–149; J. Read-Heimerdinger & J. Rius-Camps, Revista Catalana de Teologia 27 (2002), 23–42; E. Villeneuve, MdB 142 (2002), 56–57; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix; C. P. Thiede, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 8 (2004), 593–599; P. Gruson, MdB Hors Série 2005, 50–51.

Main publication: R. Gophna et al., Excavations at ‘En Besor, Tel Aviv 1995.

Studies: Y. Israel & D. Nahlieli, ESI 10 (1991), 159; B. Brandl, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 441–477; R. Gophna, EI 23 (1992) 146*–147*; id., The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 385–394; id., TA 20 (1993), 29–32; 147–163 (& E. Friedman); 27 (2000), 26–27 (& E. Buzaglo); id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 219–220; N. Porat, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 433–440; A. R. Schulman, ibid., 395–417; id., For his Ka (K. Baer Fest.; Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilisations 55; ed. D. P. Silverman), Chicago, IL 1994, 241–244; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo Abteilung 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el Qaab, II (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; G. W. Van Beek, EI 25 (1996), 1*–8*; D. Gazit, Map of Urim (125) (The Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1996; P. Wapnish, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 285–296; A. N. Goring-Morris, Rock Art Research 15 (1998), 81–88; A. Perez Lagarcha, Annales du Service des Antiquites de l’Égypte 73 (1998), 102–107; L. Watrin, Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge 3–9.9.1995, Oxford 1998, 1215–1226; L. Kolska Horwitz (& A. N. Goring-Morris), Paléorient 26/1 (2000), 111–128; id. (et al.), In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 107–133; Y. Yekutieli, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 129–152; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; P. Kaplony, Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 487–498; L. D. Morenz, Herrscherpräsentation und Kulturkontakte Ägypten-Levante-Mesopotamien: Acht Fallstudien (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 304), Münster 2003, 21–47; id., ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; Y. Ben Michael et al., ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 159–160; D. Hakker, ibid., 161.

Main publications: M. Gichon, En Boqeq: Ausgrabungen in einer Oase am Toten Meer, I: Geographie und Geschichte der Oase das Spätrömisch-byzantinische Kastell, Mainz am Rhein 1993; ibid. (Reviews) AfO 40–41 (1993–1994), 187–188. — Mesopotamia 29 (1994), 347–350. — Orientalia 63 (1994), 297–299. — Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 89 (1994), 288–289. — Bonner Jahrbücher 196 (1996), 825–828. — JNES 56 (1997), 138–140. — JRA 10 (1997), 580–586. — Syria 74 (1997), 246–248. — Levant 30 (1998), 203–208. — PEQ 130 (1998), 77–78; M. L. Fischer & M. Gichon, ‘En Boqeq: Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea Shore, 2: The Officina: An Early Roman Building on the Dead Sea Shore, Mainz am Rhein 2000; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 106 (2002), 346–347. — JRA 15 (2002), 646–650. — BASOR 331 (2003), 91–92. — IEJ 53 (2003), 132–133. — SCI 22 (2003), 337–338.

Studies: A. Sheffer, Textile History 22 (1991), 3–46; M. Gichon, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 498–499; id., JSRS 5 (1995), xvi; id., EI 25 (1996), 100*; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 220–221; D. Pringle, Levant 30 (1998), 203–208; J. Magness, The Roman and Byzantine Near East 2 (1999), 189–206; id., The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 115; Y. Yekutieli, ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, Col. 2001, 32; id., Ancient Near Eastern Studies 41 (2004), 5–37; M. L. Fischer & T. Shacham, The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 402–408; G. Hadas, Irrigation Agriculture in the Oasis of Ein Gedi and its Parallels in the Oases Around the Dead Sea during the Roman-Byzantine Period (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2003.

D. Milson, LA 41 (1991), 449–454; H. Ben David, ‘Atiqot 34 1998), 5*–6*; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); H. Gitler & D. Weisburd, Les villages dans l’empire byzantin (IVe–XVe siècle) (Réalités Byzantines 11; eds. J. Lefort et al.), Paris 2005, 539–552.

E. Braun, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 504; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 224–225; J. R. Zorn, BASOR 295 (1994), 31–48; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182.

J. Janai, INJ 13 (1994–1999), 78–82.

J. Connan et al., Molecular Archaeology: Export of Dead Sea Asphalt to Canaan and Egypt in Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age (4th–3rd Millennium BC) (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56), Oxford 1992, 2743–2759; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 369–370; A. Kempinski, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 419–425; J. D. Seger, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 908–909; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo Abt. 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el-Qaab, 2 (DAI, Abt. Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; B. Brandl, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 256–258; E. L. Braun (& E. C. M. van den Brink), ESI 16 (1997), 124–126; id., Ägypten und Levante 7 (1998), 71–94; id., Encounters with Ancient Egypt, 2000; id., Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 173–189; T. E. Levy et al., BASOR 307 (1997), 1–51; Arlene Miller Rosen, Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse (NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change 49; eds. N. H. Dalfes et al.), Berlin 1997, 25–38; A. Perez Lagarcha, Annales du Service des Antiquites de l’Égypte 73 (1998), 102–107; W. M. Schniedewind, BASOR 309 (1998), 69–77; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Nur el-Din, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1225–1233; G. Philip & O. Williams-Thorpe, ibid., 1379–1397; K. N. Sowada, ibid., 1527–1540; Y. Yekutieli, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 129–152; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; J. A. Blakely & J. W. Hardin, BASOR 326 (2002), 1–64; R. Gophna, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 129–137; P. Nahshoni & S. Israeli, ibid, 319–324; Y. Paz, TA 29 (2002), 242; M. Cohen, ESI 115 (2003), 73*; L. D. Morenz, ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; A. F. Rainey, IEJ 54 (2004), 100–104; J. Yellin & J. M. Cahill, ibid., 191–213; J. Drori, Cathedra 117 (2005), 176; W. H. Shea, NEAS Bulletin 50 (2005), 1–14.

M. Kochavi, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 609; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 260–261; I. Finkelstein, Living in the Fringe: The Archaeology and History of the Negev, Sinai and Neighbouring Regions in the Bronze and Iron Ages (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 6), Sheffield 1995; id., ZDPV 118 (2002), 109–135; D. Jericke, Die Landnahme im Negev: Eine archäologische und exegetische Studie (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 20), Wiesbaden 1997; G. London, AASOR 58 (2003), 69–84.

A. Eran, ‘Atiqot 10 (Heb. Series, 1990), 15 *–16 * (Eng. abstract); D. Chen, LA 42 (1992), 297–303; J. L. Peterson, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 617–618; D. Amit, Cathedra 68 (1993), 199; id., Ancient Synagogues, Leiden 1995, 129–132; R. Kletter & Etty Brand, ZDPV 114 (1998), 139–154; B. Zissu, JSRS 11 (2002), xviii–xix; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 102–103; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 149–151; Z. Yeivin, ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 155–158.

Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period, New Haven CT 1992; id., LA 43 (1993), 339–371; V. Eshed, Paleoanthropological Research on Four Byzantine Populations (M.A. thesis), Tel Aviv 1993; I. Hershkovitz (et al.), LA 43 (1993), 373–385; id. (& R. Yakar), International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 5 (1995), 61–77; J. Patrich, Abas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, 4th to 7th Centuries (Dumbarton Oaks Studies 32), Washington, D.C. 1995, 162–163; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 176–205; S. Santelli et al., Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 86–87; F. Mébarki, MdB 131 (2000), 60; L. Di Segni, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 31–36; P. Donceel-Voûte, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 9: Actes du 9. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Roma, 5–10.11.2001, Paris 2002, 151–170.

The prehistoric site: A. Ronen, Sonderveröffentlichungen Geologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln 82 (1991), 187–212; id., ABD, 2, New York 1992, 679–680; id. (et al.), JHE 44 (2003), 633–639; id., Lower Palaeolithic Small Tools in Europe and the Levant (BAR/IS 1115; eds. J. M. Burdukiewicz & A. Ronen), Oxford 2003, 113–120; E. Tchernov et al., Quaternary Research 42 (1994), 328–339; N. Goren-Inbar, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 93–109; H. Ron et al., Annual Meeting of the Israel Geological Society (eds. Z. Gvirtzman & R. Amit), Eilat 2001, 97; id., JHE 44 (2003), 633–639.

Other remains: D. Avshalom-Gorni, ESI 109 (1999), 93*; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 151.

H. L. Dibble & O. Bar-Yosef, The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology (Monographs in World Archaeology 23; ed. H. L. Dibble), Madison, WI 1995, 79–92; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30.

Main publication: P. Amiet et al., Tell el Far‘ah: histoire, glyptique et céramologie (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Series archaeologica 14), Fribourg 1996; ibid (Review) UF 28 (1996), 777.

Studies: Y. Goren, EI 21 (1991), 105*; id. & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182; D. W. Manor, ABD, 6, New York 1992, 573–577; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994; G. Galil, ZDPV 109 (1993), 49–53; G. M. Schwartz, JNES 52 (1993), 151–153 (Review); N. Na’aman, JSOT 65 (1995), 37–53; E. Braun, Cultural Diversity and Change in the Early Bronze I of Israel and Jordan: Towards an Understanding of the Chronological Progression and Patterns of Regionalism in Early Bronze I Society (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1996; C. Flucault-Forest, L’Habitat, Oxford 1996; A. H. Joffe, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 303–304; M. Bernett & O. Keel, Mond, Stier und Kult am Stadttor: Die Stele von Betsaida (et-Tell) (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 161), Göttingen 1998, 53–59; T. Haettner Blomquist, Gates and Gods: Cults in the City Gates of Iron Age Palestine: An Investigation of the Archaeological and Biblical Sources (Coniectanea Biblica: Old Testament Series 46), Stockholm 1999, 86–93; J. Mallet, UF 30 (1998), 511–514; 32 (2000), 297–338; id., Orient Express 1999, 55–57; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; H. Nur el-Din, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1225–1233; J. D. Schloen, The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East (Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 2; Harvard Semitic Museum Publications), Winona Lake, IN 2001, 147–183; Y. Yekutieli, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 228–251; A. Caquot, CRAIBL 2002/3, 995–997; Y. Paz, TA 29 (2002), 240, 242; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91; R. D. Miller, II, BASOR 333 (2004), 55–68.

Main publication: S. L. Braunstein, The Dynamics of Power in an Age of Transition: An Analysis of the Mortuary Remains of Tell el-Far‘ah (South) in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University), New York 1998.

Studies: M. Kapica, Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 4 (1992), 33–40; id., Zeszyty Maukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, Praco Archeogiczne 53 (1992), 33–40; id., Munus Amicitiae: Studia Archeologiczne Poswiecone Pamieci (ed. O. Hirsch-Dyczek), Cracow 1994, 69–81; R. Liwak, ABD, 5, New York 1992, 1163–1165; M. K. Risser & S. P. Harvey, AJA 96 (1992), 344; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 409–417; A. F. Rainey, EI 24 (1993), 178*–187*; W. A. Ward & W. G. Dever, Scarab Typology and Archaeological Contexts: An Essay on Middle Bronze Age Chronology (Studies on Scarab Seals 3), San Antonio, TX 1994; E. Zilberman et al., Geological Survey of Israel, Current Research 9 (1994), 81–86; D. Gazit, Map of Urim (125) (The Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1996; E. D. Oren, The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives (University Museum Monograph 96 and Symposium Series 8; ed. E. D. Oren), Philadelphia 1997, 253–283; J. M. Weinstein, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 304–305; O. Goldwasser & S. Wimmer, BASOR 313 (1999), 39–42; E. A. Knauf, UF 31 (1999), 247–254; id., BN 109 (2001), 19–20; G. Lehmann & T. J. Schneider, ibid, 251–254; id., IEJ 50 (2000), 258–261; id., NEA 63 (2000), 113; G. Lehmann, ESI 112 (2000), 114*–115*; T. J. Barako, AJA 104 (2000), 513–530; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; R. Becking & J. A. Wagenaar, BN 107–108 (2001), 12–14; I. Sharon, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 555–609; T. Schneider, ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 16–17; H. Richter, Die Phönizischen Anthropoiden Sarkophage, 2: Tradition, Rezeption, Wander (Forschungen zur Phönizisch-Punischen und Zyprischen Plastik I/2; ed. Simone Frede), Mainz 2002, 243–271; E. Yannai, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 368–376; I. Singer, EI 27 (2002), 287*; Z. Herzog, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 85–96; B. Brandl, Synchronisation, Wien 2004, 249–261; I. Ziffer, TA 32 (2005), 133–167.

J. Kaplan, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 782–783; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; S. Paz, TA 27 (2000), 292–294.

P. M. Arnold, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 1007–1009; id., BA 55 (1992), 161 (Review); id., JAOS 112 (1992), 164 (Review); Archaeological Survey of the Hill Country of Benjamin (Archaeological Survey of Israel; eds. I. Finkelstein & Y. Magen), Jerusalem 1993; I. David, Naval Research Logistics 42 (1995), 579–584; Y. Elitzur, JSRS 5 (1995), x–xi; S. Gibson, New Studies on Jerusalem 2 (1996), 9*–24*; id., ASOR Newsletter 47/3 (1997), 14; id., One Land—Many Cultures, Jerusalem 2003, 287–308; S. S. Brooks, BAIAS 15 (1996–1997), 31–40; id., Temple and Worship in Biblical Israel (Library of Hebrew, Bible/Old Testament Studies 422; ed. J. Day), London 2005, 40–59; N. L. Lapp, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 346–347; S. M. Langston, Cultic Sites in the Tribe of Benjamin: Benjaminite Prominence in the Religion of Israel (American University Studies Series 7; Theology and Religion 200), New York 1998; O. Lipschitz, TA 26 (1999), 155–190; M. Miller, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 25 (1999), 61–73; I. Peretz & A. Reem, ESI 110 (1999), 58*; E. Regev, JQR 89 (1999), 351–359; Y. Baruch, ESI 111 (2000), 62*–64*; A. Reem, ESI 114 (2002), 72*–73*; C.E. Carter, Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babyonian Period. International Conference, Tel Aviv, May 2001 (eds. O. Lipschits & J. Blankinsopp), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 301–322.

Main publication: H. Khalaily & O. Marder, The Neolithic Site of Abu Ghosh: The 1995 Excavations (IAA Reports 19), Jerusalem 2003.

Studies: M. Lechevallier, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 46–47; O. Marder et al., Neo-Lithics 1996, 3–4; id., ESI 19 (1997), 70*–71*; id. (& H. Khalaily), AJA 102 (1998), 763; E. B. Banning, NEA 61 (1998), 188–237; 66 (2003), 4–21; O. Bar-Yosef, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas (eds. M. Mashkour et al.), Groningen 2000, 189; R. Barkai, Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 149–154; K. I. Wright, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66 (2000), 105; S. Yamada, Development of the Neolithic: Lithic Use-Wear Analysis of Major Tool Types in the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Cambridge, MA 2000; G. Kahila-Bar Gal et al., Ancient Biomolecules 4 (2002), 9–17.

Main publication: A. Chouraqui, Abu Gosh: de l’Emmaus des croises au monastere de la resurrection, Ile-d’Yeu 1995.

Studies: B. Kühnel, Jewish Art 19–20 (1993–1994), 112–123; M. Ehrlich, ZDPV 112 (1996), 165–169; W. Eck, SCI 18 (1999), 109–120; G. Kühnel, Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 206–216; T. Oshima, N.A.B.U 1999/3, 55–56; E. Villeneuve, MdB 142 (2002), 56–57.

O. Ovadiah, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, Erganzungsband 18 (1991), 181–191; id. (& C. Gomez de Silva), Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo 20 (1997), 27–30; id., LA 47 (1997), 441–444; id., Art and Archaeology in Israel and Neighbouring Countries, London 2002, 399–426; P. -L. Gatier, Syria 71 (1994), 148–149; M. Vallerin, ibid., 174–180; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994, 275–276; Farah Mébarki, MdB 105 (1995), 35; H. Shanks, BAR 23/2 (1997), 52–53; M. -M. Sadek, Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 52–54; J. -B. Humbert, Gaza Méditerranéenne: histoire et archéologie en Palestine, Paris 2000; id. (& M. -M. Sadek), MdB 127 (2000), 7–13; M. -T. Olszewski, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 8: Actes du 8. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne, 6–11.10.1997 (Cahiers d’Archéologie romande 86; eds. D. Paunier & C. Schmidt), 2, Lausanne 2001, 276–301; id., Archeologia (Poland) 53 (2002), 45–61; P. Baumann, What Athens Has to Do with Jerusalem, Leuven 2002, 69–85; id., Antike Welt 34 (2003), 165–170.

U. Zevulun, EI 21 (1990), 107*; M. E. Kislev, Israel—Land & People 7–8/25–26 (1990–1993), 18*; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 87–88; A. Raban, ESI 12 (1993), 19–21; Z. Gal (& K. Covello-Paran), ‘Atiqot 30 (1996), 25–67; id. (& H. Butrus), ESI 114 (2002), 27*; Y. Melamed, ‘Atiqot 30 (1996), 69–70; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 100–103; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 97; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182.

B. Brandl, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv, 1992, 441–477; J. A. Callaway, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 125–130; Z. H. Erlich, JSRS 2 (1992), v–vii; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; V. Fritz, Das Buch Josua (Handbuch zum Alten Testament I/7), Tübingen 1994; D. Livingston, PEQ 126 (1994), 154–159; id., Khirbet Nisya: The Search for Biblical Ai, 1979–2002. Excavation of the Site with Related Studies in Biblical Archaeology, Manheim, PA 2003; G. R. Stone, BH 30/1 (1994), 11–33; T. P. J. Van den Hout, ZA 84 (1994), 60–88; G. L. Mattingly, BA 58 (1995), 14–25; N. L. Lapp, SHAJ 5 (1995), 545–554; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 528–529; A. Sasson, TA 25 (1998), 3–51; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; M. Bietak (& K. Kopetzky), Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 97–98; id., Ägypten und Levante 13 (2003), 13–38; O. Ilan, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel (D. L. Esse Fest.), Chicago, IL 2001, 317–354; K. Koenen, ZDPV 119 (2003), 93–105; A. Mazar, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 85–98; A. Rainey, ibid., 547; B. G. Wood, Giving the Sense: Understanding and Using Old Testament Historical Texts (eds. D. M. Howard, Jr. & M. A. Grisanti), Grand Rapids, MI 2003, 256–282; D. Merling, The Future of Biblical Archaeology: Reassessing Methodologies and Assumptions. The Proceedings of a Symposium, 12–14.8.2001 at Trinity International University (eds. J. K. Hoffmeier & A. Millard), Grand Rapids, MI 2004, 29–42.

Y. Garfinkel, The Material Culture in the Central Jordan Valley in the Pottery Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Periods (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 1992 (Eng. abstract); id., ESI 12 (1994), 19; id., Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, Berlin 1994, 543–562; id., Levant 30 (1998), 191–194; id., BASOR 315 (1999), 1–13; id., Neolithic and Chalcolithic Pottery of the Southern Levant (Qedem 39), Jerusalem 1999; M. W. Prausnitz, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 157–158; J. Lev-Tov, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas (Center for Archaeological Research and Consultancy Publication 32), Groningen 2000, 208–217; Archaeometry Date List 31 (2000), Oxford 2002, 79–81.

Z. U. Ma‘oz, EI 25 (1996), 104*; E. L. Braun, ‘Atiqot 42 (2001), 237–242; N. C. Vella, Ancient Near Eastern Studies 37 (2000), 27–55.

Main publications: The Amud Man and His Cave Site (eds. H. Suzuki et al.), rev. ed., Tokyo 1999; N. Alperson, Differential Use of Space by Mousterian Hominids: Evidence for Spatial Patterning at Amud Cave, Israel (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 2001.

Studies: E. Hovers (et al.), Mitekufat Ha’even 24 (1991), 152–157; id., ESI 12 (1993), 11–12; 14 (1994), 27–28 (& Y. Rak); 15 (1996), 22–24 (& Y. Rak); id., Paléorient 21/2 (1995), 47–61; id., Archaeology 49 (1996), 49–51; id., AJA 102 (1998), 761–762; id., Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia (eds. T. Akazawa et al.), New York 1998, 143–163; id. (et al.), JHE 39 (2000), 253–260; id., Archeologia i Paleoecologia Evrazii, Novocibirck 2004, 218–213; A. Belfer-Cohen & E. Hovers, Current Anthropology 33 (1992), 463–471; A. Defleur, Les sepultures Mousteriennes, Paris 1993, 162–171; C. B. Stringer & C. Gamble, In Search of the Neanderthals: Solving the Puzzle of Human Origins, London 1993, 96–98; Y. Rak et al., JHE 26 (1994), 313–324; N. Goren-Inbar, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 93–109; D. Johanson & B. Edgar, From Lucy to Language, New York 1996, 220–222; M. H. Wolpoff, Human Evolution, rev. ed. (College Custom Series), New York 1996, 601–603, 606–608; id., Paleoanthropology, 2nd ed., Boston, MA 1999, 610–612, 615–616; id. (& S. -H. Lee), Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 13 (2001), 291–310; O. Bar-Yosef, The Last Neanderthals, The First Anatomically Modern Humans: A Tale about the Human Diversity: Cultural Change and Human Evolution—The Crisis at 40 KA BP (eds. E. Carbonell & M. Vaquero), Catalunya 1996, 79–94; id., (& J. Callander), PEQ 129 (1997), 2–18; id., The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean (Peabody Museum Bulletin 8; eds. O. Bar-Yosef & D. Pilbeam), Cambridge, MA 2000, 107–156; id. (& A. Belfer-Cohen), Quaternary International 75 (2001), 19–28; J. Brainard. Science News 154/5 (1998), 72–74; H. Valladas et al., Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia (eds. T. Akazawa et al.), New York 1998, 69–75; id., JAS 26 (1999), 259–268; R. H. Gargett, JHE 37 (1999), 27–90; 39 (2000), 261–266; Toward Modern Humans: The Yabrudian and Micoquian 400–50 K-Years Ago. Proceedings of a Congress, Haifa, 3.9.1996 (BAR/IS 850; eds. A. Ronen & M. Weinstein-Evron), Oxford 2000; V. Zeitoun, Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris 12 (2000), 509; C. Delage, Les resources lithiques dans le nord d’Israël: la question des territoires d’approvisionnement Natoufiens confrontée a l’hypothèse de leur sédentarité (Ph.D. diss.), Paris 2001; K. A. Hallin et al., JHE 40 (2001), A8; W. Rink et al., Geoarchaeology 16 (2001), 701–717; J. J. Shea, NEA 64 (2001), 38–64; id., Journal of World Prehistory 17 (2003), 313–394; M. Madella et al., JAS 29 (2002), 703–719; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30; N. Mercier & H. Valladas, Echanges de diffusion dans la préhistoire méditerranéenne. Actes des Congrès Nationaux des Sociétés Historiques et Scientifiques, 121e, Nice 1996 (ed. B. Vandermeersch), Paris 2003, 29–39; R. Rabinovich & E. Hovers, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14 (2004), 287–306.

Main publications: S. C. Herbert et al., Tel Anafa I: Final Report on Ten Years of Excavation at a Hellenistic and Roman Settlement in Northern Israel, 1–2 (JRA Suppl. Series 10/1; Kelsey Museum Fieldwork Series), Ann Arbor, MI 1994; ibid. (Reviews) ZDPV 113 (1997), 140–144. — AJA 102 (1998), 444–445. — BASOR 315 (1999), 88–90; A. M. Berlin et al., Tel Anafa II/1: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery (JRA Suppl. Series 10/2; Kelsey Museum Fieldwork Series), Ann Arbor, MI 1997; ibid. (Reviews) ZDPV 113 (1997), 140–144. — AJA 102 (1998), 444–445. — BASOR 315 (1999), 88–90. — PEQ 132 (2000), 79.

Studies: Y. Israeli, Roman Glass: Two Centuries of Art and Invention (Society of Antiquaries Occasional Papers 13; eds. M. Newby & K. Painter), London 1991, 46–55; S. C. Herbert, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 219–221; id., BAT II, Jerusalem 1993, 118–125; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 117–118; S. S. Weinberg, Muse 26 (1992), 12–20; A. M. Berlin, IEJ 43 (1993), 35–44; id., BA 60 (1997), 2–51; id., BAR 25/6 (1999), 46–55, 62; id., Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader (ed. S. Richard), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 418–433; K. W. Slane et al., AJA 97 (1993), 325–326; id., JAS 21 (1994), 51–64; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 640–643; D. Ilan, Northeastern Israel in the Iron Age I: Cultural, Socioeconomic and Political Perspectives, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999; N. Vogeikoff-Brogan, Hesperia 69 (2000), 293–333; M. J. Ponting, Current Archaeology 15/7 (175) (2001), 302; id., IAMS 22 (2002), 3–6; R. Talgam, Michmanim 16 (2002), 39*; A. Erlich, The Art of the Hellenistic Age in the Land of Israel (Ph.D. diss.), Ramat-Gan 2003 (Eng. abstract); M. Fischer & O. Tal, ZDPV 119 (2003), 19–37; Testament of Time: Selected Objects from the Collection of Palestinian Antiquities in the Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri-Columbia (eds. J. C. Biers & J. Terry), Rutherford, NJ 2004; B. Kidd, Muse 33–35 (1999–2001), 4–13.

Main publication: D. Amit, The Synagogues of Hurbat Ma’on and Hurbat ‘Anim and the Jewish Settlement in Southern Hebron Hills (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2003 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: Y. Lender, ESI 10 (1991), 42; D. Amit, Cathedra 68 (1993), 199; id., Ancient Synagogues, Leiden 1995, 135–140; D. Chen & D. Milson, LA 45 (1995), 351–356; I. Yezerski, JSRS 6 (1996), xi; id. (& Y. Lender), ‘Atiqot 43 (2002), 256; Y. Baruch, JSRS 8 (1998), xx–xxi; D. Varga, ESI 114 (2002), 118*; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 103–105; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 143–148.

Main publications: Aphek-Antipatris I: Excavation of Areas A and B, The 1972–1976 Seasons (The Emery & Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology; Tel Aviv University Sonia & Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series 19; ed. M. Kochavi), Tel Aviv 2000; ibid. (Reviews), BASOR 327 (2002), 84–85. — IEJ 53 (2003), 136–139; Y. Gadot, Continuity and Change: Cultural Processes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Israel’s Central Coastal Plain, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2003.

Studies: J. Briend, Transeuphratène 2 (1990), 109–123; A. Kindler, INJ 11 (1990–1991), 61–71; M. Kochavi, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 272–274; id. (& I. Beit-Arieh), Map of Rosh ha-‘Ayin (78) (Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1994; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 147–151; id. (& Y. Gadot), TA 28 (2001), 310; id. (& E. Yadin), The Middle Bronze Age in the Levant, Wien 2002, 189–225; id. (& Y. Gadot), ESI 115 (2003), 40*–41*; P. Beck, Aspects of Art and Iconography (Nimet Özgüc Fest.; eds. M. J. Mellink et al.), Ankara 1993, 671–673; id., Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 288–292, 390–485; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 421–422; O. Margalith, VT 44 (1994), 109–113; Y. Meshorer, INJ 13 (1994–1999), 86–89; L. Nigro, Contributi e materiali di archeologia orientale 5 (1995); 6 (1996), 1–69; A. Zertal, Michmanim 9 (1996), 73–82; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 78–99; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; I. Accos, ESI 112 (2000), 55*–56*; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 98; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; R. Kletter, Levant 33 (2001), 95–104; S. L. Cohen, Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections, Winona Lake, IN 2002 (index); S. Feldman, BAR 28/5 (2002), 52–59; S. Shoval & M. Gaft, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 291; W. Dietrich & S. Munger, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 39–59; Z. Herzog, ibid., 85–100; W. Horowitz et al., JAOS 122 (2002), 755; A. Cohen-Weinberger & Y. Goren, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 69–100; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 124–126; Y. Gadot, ASOR Annual Meeting 2004, www.asor.org/AM/am.htm; M. Gichon, JSRS 13 (2004), xviii; M. A. S. Martin, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 265–284; id., Aspects of the Egyptian Involvement in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Canaan: The Egyptian and Egyptian-Style Pottery—A Case Study, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Wien 2005; A. Yasur & Y. Goren, TA 31 (2004), 22–32.

Main publications: R. Amiran & O. Ilan, Arad: Eine 5000 Jahre alte Stadt in der Wüste Negev, Israel (Veröffentlichungen des Hamburger Museums für Archäologie und Geschichte 64), Hamburg 1992; id. (et al.), Early Arad, II: The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze IB Settlements and the Early Bronze II City, Architecture and Town Planning: 6th to 18th Seasons of Excavations, 1971–1978, 1980–1984, Jerusalem 1996; ibid. (Reviews) BAR 24/6 (1998), 56. — BASOR 311 (1998), 90–92. — Orientalia 67 (1998), 546–551; id., Ancient Arad: An Early Bronze Age Community on the Desert Fringe, Tel Aviv 1997 (Eng. abstracts).

Studies: Y. Govrin, EI 21 (1990), 104*–105*; D. Amiran, Erdkunde 45/3 (1991), 153–162; id., EI 25 (1996), 97*; R. Amiran & Z. Herzog, MdB 75 (1992), 28–29; Z. Herzog, ABD, New York 1992, 844–852, 1031–1044; id., ASOR Newsletter 46/2 (1996), 22; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 174–176; id., Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan, Sheffield 2001, 156–178; id., TA 29 (2002), 3–109; 31 (2004), 209–244 (& L. Singer-Avitz); D. W. Manor & G. A. Herion, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 331–336; B. Mazar, Biblical Israel: State and People (ed. S. Aḥituv), Jerusalem 1992, 67–77; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; M. Sebbane, TA 20 (1993), 41–54; 28 (2001), 213–230; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo 50 (1994), 107–113; A. F. Rainey, Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 333–354; B. Andelkovic, The Relations Between Early Bronze Age I Canaanites and Upper Egyptians, Beograd 1995; I. Finkelstein & Y. Silberman, The Pitcher is Broken (G. W. Ahlström Fest., JSOT Suppl. Series 190; eds. S. W. Holloway & L. K. Handy), Sheffield 1995, 213–226; id., Levant 28 (1996), 177–187; T. E. Levy et al., BA 58 (1995), 26–36; I. Sharon, Models for Stratigraphic Analysis of Tell Sites (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1995; M. Aharoni, IEJ 46 (1996), 52–54; W. G. Dever, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 37–42; I. Finkelstein, Levant 28 (1996), 177–187; R. Göthert & R. Amiran, EI 25 (1996), 91*; O. Ilan (& M. Saban), EI 25 (1996), 88*; id. (& R. Amiran), OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 169–174; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 317–354; A. Yair & R. Garti, The Mosaic of Israeli Geography (eds. Y. Gradus & G. Liphshitz), Beer Sheva 1996, 355–371; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 644–659; D. Jericke, Die Landnahme im Negev (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 20), Wiesbaden 1997; C. Ühlinger, MdB 110 (1998), 62–63; V. Orel, ZAW 110 (1998), 427–432; D. Barag, EI 26 (1999), 227*–228*; A. Hauptmann et al., BASOR 314 (1999), 1–17; N. Negev, ESI 111 (2000), 108*; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; B. A. Saidel, BAIAS 19–20 (2001–2002), 19–27; id., Mitekufat Ha’even 32 (2002), 175–196; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 260–279; I. Beit-Arieh, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 21–28; N. Na’aman, UF 34 (2002), 585–602; W. -D. Niemeier, TA 29 (2002), 328–331; G. Philip, Artefacts of Complexity: Tracking the Uruk in the Near East (Iraq Archaeological Reports 5; ed. J. N. Postgate), Warminster 2002, 207–235; L. Singer-Avitz, TA 29 (2002), 110–214; A. Mazar, BAR 29/2 (2003), 60–61; L. D. Morenz, Herrscherpräsentation und Kulturkontakte Ägypten-Levante-Mesopotamien: Acht Fallstudien (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 304), Münster 2003, 21–47; id., ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 47–50; A. Karasik et al., TA 32 (2005), 20–31.

P. -E. Dion, RB 99 (1992), 71–97; R. B. Lawton, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 336–337; S. E. Löwenstamm, From Babylon to Canaan: Studies in the Bible and its Oriental Background, Jerusalem 1992, 131–135; J. Naveh, IEJ 42 (1992), 52–54; S. Mittmann, ZDPV 109 (1993), 39–48; S. Aḥituv, Solving Riddles and Untying Knots (J. C. Greenfield Fest.; eds. Z. Zevit et al.), Winona Lake, IN 1995, 379–384; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Inschriften, 1 (Handbuch der Althebräischen Epigraphik), Darmstadt 1995, 40–46, 67–74, 111–121, 145–164, 290–305, 347–403, 441; id., Schrift und Schreibertradition: Eine Paläographische Studie zum Kulturgeschichtlichen Verhältnis von Israelitischen Nordreich und Südreich (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 23), Wiesbaden 1997; I. Eph‘al & J. Naveh, Aramaic Ostraca of the 4th Century BC from Idumaea, Jerusalem 1996; A. Lemaire, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 176–177; id., ZDPV 115 (1999), 12–23; P. Boudreuil et al., NEA 61 (1998), 2–13; O. Pedersen, Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East: 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda, MD 1998, 229–231; N. Na’aman, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 201–204.

S. Klein, Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galilaeas (Ph.D. diss., Heidelberg), Leipzig 1909; G. H. Dalman, ZDPV 29 (1906), 199–200; G. Foerster, The Galilean Synagogues and Their Relation to Hellenistic and Roman Art and Architecture, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1972; D. Chen, LA 36 (1986), 235–240; 39 (1989), 199–206; Z. Ilan, ESI 6 (1987–1988), 110; 7–8 (1988–1989), 8–9; 9 (1989–1990), 17–18; id., Eretz Magazine 4/1 (1988–1989), 60–69; id., IEJ 39 (1989), 100–102; id. (& A. Izdarechet), MdB 57 (1989), 54–57; A. Van der Heyden, Ariel, Eng. ed. 82 (1990), 74–86; Y. Shahar & Y. Tepper, Cathedra 61 (1991), 191; M. Gichon, Historische Interpretationen (G. Walser Fest.; ed. M. Weinmann-Walser), Stuttgart 1995, 61–79; Z. Safrai, Studies in Historical Geography, Leiden 2000, 82–83.

M. Hershkovitz, EI 23 (1992), 156*; D. Ilan, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 211–212; I. Beit-Arieh, Michmanim 12 (1998), 48*; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 660; S. Feldman, BAR 28/1 (2002), 50–54; N. Negev, ESI 114 (2002), 119*.

Main publications: Pilgrim’s Castle (‘Atlit), David’s Tower (Jerusalem) and Qal‘at ar-Rabad (‘Ajlun): Three Middle Eastern Castles from the Time of the Crusades (Variorum Collected Studies Series; eds. C. N. Johns & D. Pringle), Aldershot 1997; ibid. (Reviews) PEQ 131 (1999), 92–93. — IEJ 51 (2001), 110–112; P. Riavez, “Atlit” (1217–1291): Ceramiche Italiane nel Mediterraneo Orientale (Ph.D. diss.), Trieste 1997–1998.

Studies: E. Acquaro, Ocnus 1 (1993), 13–18; A. J. Boas, Domestic Architecture in the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1995; id., NEA 61 (1998), 138–173; id., Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East, London 1999; R. Hiestand, Acri 1291: la fine della presenza degli ordini militari in Terra Santa e i nuovi orientamenti nel xiv secolo (ed. F. Tommasi), Perugia 1996, 23–41; R. Merhav, EI 25 (1996), 104*–105*; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 758–777; D. M. Metcalf & R. Kool, ‘Atiqot 37 (1999), 89*–164*; P. Riavez, Graffita arcaica tirrenica e ceramica Port St. Symeon, Padova 1999–2000; id., Il Congresso Nazionale de Archeologia Médiévale, Brescia 2000, 444–450; id., Archeologia Médiévale 28 (2001), 505–532; U. ‘Ad, ESI 112 (2000), 119*; T. Dezso, Near Eastern Helmets of the Iron Age (BAR/IS 992), Oxford 2001.

Main publications: A. Hartman, Landscape and Agriculture of the Carmel Coastal Plain in the PPNC Period: Reconstruction from Plant Macrofossils of Atlit-Yam Well (M.A. thesis), Ramat-Gan 1997; O. Asaf, The Athlit Ram: Classical and Hellenistic Bronze Casting Technology (M.A. thesis), College Station, TX 2001; I. Zohar, Exploitation of Marine Resources by the Neolithic Inhabitants of Atlit-Yam, Israel: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Gray Triggerfish (Balistes Carolinensis) Remains (M.A. thesis), Haifa 2004.

Studies: E. Galili (et al.), ESI 10 (1991), 103; 19 (1997), 96*–101* (& J. Sharvit); 109 (1999), 30*–31* (et al.); id., Actes du XIIe Congrès International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques, 2, Bratislava, 1–7.9.1991 (ed. J. Pavuk), Bratislava 1993, 318–323; id. (& Y. Nir), The Holocene 3 (1993), 265–270; id. (et al.), IJNA 22 (1993), 61–77; 23 (1994), 93–107; id. (et al.), JFA 20 (1993), 133–157; id., Sefunim 8 (1994), 21–28; id. (& J. Sharvit), Thracia Pontica 5 (1994), 269–296; id., AJA 102 (1998), 763; id. (& J. Sharvit), Brunnen der Jungsteinzeit: Internationales Symposium in Erkelenz, 27–29.10.1997 (Materialien zur Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland 11), Köln 1998, 31–44; id. (& J. Sharvit), 5th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Naupla, 1993, 1999, 167–183; id. (et al.), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Israel Prehistoric Society, Jerusalem 2000; id. (et al.), JMA 15 (2002), 167–198; id. (et al.), ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 1–34; id. (et al.), Neolithic Revolution: New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus (Levant Supplementary Series 1; eds. E. Peltenburg & A. Wasse), Oxford 2004, 91–101; id. (et al.), BASOR 339 (2005), 1–19; I. Hershkovitz, L’Anthropologie 95 (1991), 639–650; id. (& E. Galili), Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 3 (1991), 83–96; H. Frost, IJNA 21 (1992), 179–181 (Review); A. Raban, Michmanim 6 (1992), 41*–42*; 11 (1997), 7*–27*; id., Cyprus and the Sea: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Nicosia, 25–26 Sept. 1993; ed. V. Karageorghis & D. Michaelides), Nicosia 1995, 139–188; id., EI 25 (1996), 107*; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 428–438; id., Actas del IV Congrèso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Punicos, Cadiz, 2–6.10.1995 (ed. Manuela Studies: Barthelemy), Cadiz 2000, 1095–1106; M. Sas, The Maritime Holy Land: Mediterranean Civilization in Ancient Israel from the Bronze Age to the Crusaders (ed. N. Kashtan), Haifa 1992, 61–70; id., Sefunim 8 (1994), 63–76; D. I. Owen, JNES 53 (1994), 213–214 (Review); L. Ullmann & E. Galili, SCI 13 (1994), 116–122; A. Varsanyi, Sefunim 8 (1994), 77–79; I. Zohar, Fish Exploitation in the Past: Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of the ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group (Annales du Musèe Royal de L’Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques 274; ed. W. Van Neer), Tervuren 1994, 231–237; id., HUCMS News 24–25 (1998), 20–22; id. (et al.), JAS 28 (2001), 1041–1053; D. J. Stanley & E. Galili, Marine Geology 130 (1996), 11–17; Encyclopaedia of Underwater and Maritime Archaeology (ed. J. P. Delgado), London 1997, 43–44; J. R. Steffy, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 234–236; J. Elayi & H. Sayegh, Port, Paris 1998–2000; O. Aurenche & S. K. Kozlowski, La naissance du Néolithique au Proche Orient ou le paradis perdu, Paris 1999, 156–157; R. Barkai, Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio-Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 182–188; id. (& E. Galili), Eurasian Prehistory 1 (2004), 139–162; T. Dayan & E. Galili, Dogs Through Time: An Archaeological Perspective. Proceedings of the 1st ICAZ (International Council for Archaeozoology) Symposium on the History of the Domestic Dog, Victoria, BC, Canada, 23–29.8.1998 (BAR/IS 889; ed. S. J. Crockford), Oxford 2000, 29–33; V. Eshed, From Foraging to Farming in the Holocene (The Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period 8,300–6,000 B.C.) in the Southern Levant: The Skeletal Evidence (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2001; id. et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123 (2004), 303–315; 124 (2004), 315–329; J. Sharvit (& E. Galili), ESI 114 (2002), 29*; id. (et al.), In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 159–166; M. E. Kislev et al., JAS 31 (2004), 1301–1310; G. O. Rollefson, Neo-Lithics 2004/1, 12–13; B. Rosen et al., Michmanim 18 (2004), 9*–18*; A. Haggi, R I.M.S News, Report 31 (2005), 12–14.

D. Ilan, Northeastern Israel in the Iron Age I: Cultural, Socioeconomic and Political Perspectives, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 99–100; D. Ben-Ami, TA 31 (2004), 194–208.

Main publication: Z. B. Begin, As We Do Not See Azeqa: In Search of the Lachish Letters, Jerusalem 2000 (Heb.).

Studies: G. Barkay, TA 19 (1992), 124–129; E. Stern, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 537–538; J. A. Blakely, BA 56 (1993), 110–115; N. Na’aman, TA 21 (1994), 245–247; id., PEQ 131 (1999), 65–67; G. Galil, RB 102 (1995), 321–329; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002, 122–123; Z. B. Begin, VT 52 (2002), 166–174.

A. Ben-Tor, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 540–541; T. & M. Dothan, People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines, New York 1992; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el-Qaab, 2 (DAI, Abt. Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; A. Golani & E. C. M. van den Brink, ESI 15 (1996), 65; id., ‘Atiqot 38 (1999), 1–49; Corpus, 1 (O. Keel), Göttingen 1997, 748–757; Y. Rand, ESI 19 (1997), 41*; T. Von der Way, Tell el-Fara‘in-Buto, 1: Ergebnisse zum frühen Kontext Kampagnen der Jahre 1983–1989 (Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 83), Mainz 1997, 106–107; K. Nahmias, ibid. 20 (2000), 54*; I. I. Milevski, ibid. 109 (1999), 65*; E. C. M. van den Brink, ibid. 110 (1999), 43*–44*; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 100; Y. Paz, ESI 111 (2000), 43*–44*; R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464; S. Gudovitz, ESI 113 (2001), 66*–67*; 114 (2002), 55*–56*; Y. Yekutieli, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; E. L. Braun, Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 173–189; E. Angelina Dagot, ESI 114 (2002), 56*–57*; A. Gorzalczany et al., ‘Atiqot 44 (2003), 171–178; D. L. Stein, ibid., 179–181; A. Romano, ESI 116 (2004), 71*.

J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; E. M. Meyers, ABD, 4, New York 1992, 12; D. Chen, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertums Wissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 4 (1995), 76–80; S. Fine, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 274; M. Aviam, ESI 111 (2000), 4*–6*; id., Judaism in Late Antiquity, III/4, Leiden 2001, 155–177; id., Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys—Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods (Land of Galilee 1), Rochester, NY 2004; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 196–198; J. Naveh, Judaism in Late Antiquity, III/4, Leiden 2001, 179–185.

Main publications: D. C. Maltsberger, Glyptic Remains from Timna: Geopolitical and Socioeconomic Implications for the Shephelah during the Amarna Period (Ph.D. diss.), Fort Worth, TX 1992; G. L. Kelm & A. Mazar, Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley, Winona Lake, IN 1995; ibid. (Reviews) BA 59 (1996), 246. — BAR 23/6 (1997), 68, 70. — JAOS 118 (1998), 440. — PEQ 130 (1998), 80–81. — BASOR 313 (1999), 88–91; A. Mazar, Timnah (Tel Batash), I: Stratigraphy and Architecture, 1–2 (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 1; Qedem 37), Jerusalem 1997; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 98 (1994), 569–570. — PEQ 126 (1994), 74–75. — 133 (2001), 67–69. — BAR 25/2 (1999), 59. — JNES 61 (2002), 151–152; id. (& N. Panitz-Cohen), Timnah (Tel Batash), II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE, 1–2 (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 2; Qedem 42), Jerusalem 2001; ibid. (Reviews) BASOR 330 (2003), 91–93. — IEJ 55 (2005), 241–244; N. Panitz-Cohen, The Pottery Assemblages of Tel Batash-Timnah, Strata IV–III (10th–8th Centuries BCE) (M.A. thesis), Jerusalem 1999; id. (& A. Mazar), Timnah (Tel Batash), III: The Finds from the Second Millennium BCE (Timnah-Tel Batash Final Reports 3; Qedem 45), Jerusalem (in press).

Studies: A. Mazar, EI 20 (1989), 195*–196*; id., BA 56 (1993), 137–139; id., Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 247–267; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 281–283; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 373–377; N. J. Bierling, Giving Goliath His Due, Grand Rapids, MI 1992; W. R. Rotter, ABD, 6, New York 1992, 556–557; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 317–323; G. Galil, ZDPV 109 (1993), 49–53; S. Gitin, Studies in the Archaeology and History of Ancient Israel, Haifa 1993, 99*–126*; C. S. Ehrlich, The Philistines in Transition: A History from ca. 1000–730 B.C.E. (Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East 10), Leiden 1996; G. L. Kelm & A. Mazar, Olive Oil in Antiquity, Padova 1996, 243–248; J. C. Waldbaum & J. Magness, AJA 101(1997), 23–40; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 100; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); N. Panitz-Cohen, ASOR Newsletter 50/1 (2000), 16; id., ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 27; id., Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 319–337; A. Faust, JMA 15 (2002), 53–73; id., BAR 30/2 (2004), 52–53, 62; I. Finkelstein, PEQ 134 (2002), 118–129; H. M. Niemann, Kein Land für sich allein, Freiburg 2002, 70–91; Z. Herzog, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 85–100.

Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract).

W. G. Dever, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 289–293; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 285–287; id., The Rural Landscape of Ancient Israel (BAR/IS 1121; eds. A. M. Maeir et al.), Oxford 2003, 43–59; M. Haiman, BASOR 303 (1996), 1–32; Y. Goren, ibid., 33–72; T. E. Levy et al., Antiquity 76/292 (2002), 425–437; I. Berelov, SHAJ 8 (2004), 45–58.

Main publication: D. Rosenberg et al., Beisamoun: The Wadi Rabah Occurrence (forthcoming).

Studies: Y. Garfinkel, CAJ 4 (1994), 159–188; Les Dossiers de l’Archéologie 203 (1995); R. Barkai, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999), 303–318; id., Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio Economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abtract); id., ibid. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 11), Berlin 2005, 155–170; id., Neo-Lithics 2002/1, 3–8; M. Bonogofsky, JAS 28 (2001), 671–690; 29 (2002), 959–964; id., An Osteo-Archaeological Examination of the Ancestor Cult during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Period in the Levant (Ph.D. diss., Berkeley, CA), Ann Arbor, MI 2001; id., Paléorient 27/2 (2001), 141–146; id., Journal of the Association of Graduates in Near Eastern Studies, Berkeley, CA, 9 (2002), 1–7; id., BASOR 331 (2003), 1–10; Y. Goren & A. N. Goring-Morris, JAS 28 (2001), 671–690; D. Schmandt-Besserat, Origini 24 (2002), 95–140 (pp. 116–118); id., Archaeology Odyssey 6/2 (2003), 19–27.

Main publication: S. Ben-Arieh et al., Bronze Age and Iron Age Tombs at Tell Beit Mirsim (IAA Reports 23), Jerusalem 2004.

Studies: G. Barkay, IEJ 40 (1990), 124–129; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 648–649; id., EI 27 (2003), 29*–36*; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 147–164, 399; J. Jeremias, Biblische Welten (M. Metzger Fest.; Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 123; ed. W. Zwickel), Fribourg 1993, 41–59; N. A. Silberman, BA 56 (1993), 8–16; J. G. Van der Land, Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie 1 (1994), 1–12; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Epigraphik, Darmstadt 1995, 168–172; J. Bourriau, Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson (ed. P. Der Manuelian), Boston, MA 1996, 101–116; A. Zertal, Michmanim 9 (1996), 73–82; R. Greenberg, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 295–297; O. Zimhoni, Studies in the Iron Age Pottery of Israel: Typological, Archaeological and Chronological Aspects, Tel Aviv 1997, 179–210; A. Faust, TA 26 (1999), 233–252; 29 (2002), 300–301; id., Levant 35 (2003), 123–138; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 101; S. Campbell, Chronologie des pays du Caucase et de l’Euphrate aux IVe–IIIe millénaires, Paris 2000, 54–63; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Shanks, BAR 26/6 (2000), 52–63, 71; J. D. Schloen, The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East (Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 2; Harvard Semitic Museum Publications), Winona Lake, IN 2001, 136–181; S. L. Cohen, Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections, Winona Lake, IN 2002 (index); NEA 65/1 (2002) (W. F. Albright Fest.); M. Tadmor & Y. Goren, Culture Through Objects: Ancient Near Eastern Studies (P. R. S. Moorey Fest.; Griffith Institute Publications; eds. T. Potts et al.), Oxford 2003, 189–206; G. Davies, Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions, 2: Corpus and Concordance, Cambridge 2004, 12, 36–38; I. Finkelstein & N. Na’aman, TA 31 (2004), 60–79; W. H. Shea, NEAS Bulletin 50 (2005), 1–14.

A. Boas, NEA 61/3 (1998), 138–173; H. Geva, Archaeological Sites in Israel, 4, Jerusalem 1999, 18–20; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 245–248; S. Scham, Archaeology 55/5 (2002), 24–31.

B. Brandl, ‘Atiqot 10 (1990), 14*; I. Finkelstein, ibid., 13*–14*; A. Oppenheimer, Geschichte-Tradition-Reflexion 1 (M. Hengel Fest.; ed. P. Schäfer), Tübingen 1996, 483–499; I. Ben-David, ESI 109 (1999), 96*; R. Kletter, ibid. 111 (2000), 37*–38*; S. Golan & A. Elenekave, ibid. 114 (2002), 114*–115*; Y. Gadot & Y. Tepper, TA 30 (2003), 130–162.

Y. Tsafrir, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 207–218; A. Kloner et al., Survey of Jerusalem, The Southern Sector (Archaeological Survey of Jerusalem), Jerusalem 2000; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 109–111; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix.

J. Gutmann, Bulletin of the Asia Institute 6 (1992), 79–85; id., OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 299–300; M. Bachmann, Neukirchener Theologische Zeitschrift 9 (1994), 168–191; O. Hess, Israel Magazine 58 (1994), 27, 29, 3–34; M. Bregman, The Sacrifice of Isaac in the Three Monotheistic Religions: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Interpretation of the Scriptures, Jerusalem 16–17.3.1995 (SBF Analecta 41; ed. F. Manns), Jerusalem 1995, 127–145; R. Hachlili, ZDPV 113 (1997), 92–122; L. A. Roussin, Archaeology and the Galilee: Texts and Contexts in the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Periods (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 143; eds. D. R. Edwards & C. T. McCollough), Atlanta, GA 1997, 83–96; id., BAR 27/2 (2001), 52–56; H. Mack, Cathedra 88 (1998), 180–181; G. Stemberger, Jahrbuch für Biblische Theologie 13 (1998), 145–170; A. E. Killebrew, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 3/1–2 (1999), 17–32; Y. Englard, Cathedra 98 (2000), 172–173; E. Kessler, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 73–81; J. Magness, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 363–389, 553–554; S. S. Miller, JQR 94 (2004), 27–76.

Main publication: K. Könen, Bethel: Geschichte, Kult und Theologie (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 192), Freiburg 2003; ibid. (Reviews) UF 34 (2002), 947–949. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 62 (2005), 101–102.

Studies: Z. Kallai, Prophetie und geschichtliche Wirklichkeit im alten Israel (S. Herrmann Fest.; eds. R. Liwak & S. Wagner), Stuttgart 1991, 171–188; H. Brodsky, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 710–712; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 395–398; M. Weinfeld, Religionsgeschichtliche Beziehungen zwischen Kleinasien, Nordsyrien und dem Alten Testament (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 129; eds. B. Janowski et al.), Freiburg 1993, 455–472; D. P. Livingston, PEQ 126 (1994), 154–159; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994, 19–20; G. L. Mattingly, BA 58 (1995), 14–25; H. -D. Neef, Ephraim: Studien zur Geschichte des Stammes Ephraim von der Landname bis zur frühen Königszeit (ZAW Beihefte 238), Berlin 1995; C. J. Chang-Ho, Orientalia 66 (1997), 414–425; W. G. Dever, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 300–301; M. Gleis, Die Bamah (ZAW Beihefte 251), Berlin 1997; S. M. Langston, Cultic Sites in the Tribe of Benjamin: Benjaminite Prominence in the Religion of Israel (American University Studies Series 7; Theology and Religion 200), New York 1998; R. Scibona, Bibbia e Oriente 40/196 (1998), 65–98; Y. Amit, Studies in Historical Geography, Leiden 2000, 121–131; W. B. Barrick, Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 14 (2000), 3–16; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 101; P. Gibert, Jacob: commentaire a plusieurs voix de Gen 25–26 (A. De Pury Fest.; eds. J. -D. Macchi & T. Römer), Geneve 2001, 248–256; J. Blenkinsopp, Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period. International Conference, Tel Aviv, May 2001 (eds. O. Lipschitz & J. Blenkinsopp), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 93–107; J. -M. Van Cangh, Quelle Maison pour Dieu? (ed. Camille Focant), Paris 2003, 38–47; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 181–184; A. F. Rainey, ASOR Annual Meeting 2004, www.asor.org/AM/am.htm.

Main publication: S. Givon, The Excavation at Bet ha-Emeq 1973, Tel Aviv 1993 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: S. Givon, In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 87–106; R. Frankel, DOP 51 (1997), 73–84; id., Cura Aquarum in Israel, Siegburg 2002, 89–92; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182; M. Peilstöcker, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1335–1336; C. Delage, Les resources lithiques dans le nord d’Israël: la question des territoires d’approvisionnement Natoufiens confrontée a l’hypothèse de leur sédentarité (Ph.D. diss.), Paris 2001; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 252–259.

Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 184–186; H. I. Newman, Biblica 86 (2005), 213–228; L. Niesiolowski-Spanò, ibid., 478–493.

Main publications: G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, The Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem, Jerusalem 1993; ibid. (Review) PEQ 128 (1996), 174–175; P. Revault et al., Maisons de Bethléem, Paris 1997; M. T. Petrozzi, Bethlehem (The Holy Places of Palestine), Jerusalem 2000.

Studies: J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; H. Gazelles, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 712–715; G. Kühnel, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 197–203; id., Byzantinische Zeitschrift 86–87 (1993–1994), 86–107; id., The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art (B. Narkiss Fest.; ed. B. Kühnel), Jerusalem 1998, 151–157; id., Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 206–216; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church From the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 353–362; D. Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 1, Cambridge 1993, 137–157; J. E. Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, Oxford 1993; A. T. Jotischky, Levant 25 (1993), 213; 26 (1994), 207–223; I. McDowell, BH 30 (1994), 8–10; D. W. Manor, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 302; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A. D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 146–152; R. F. Campanati, The Madaba Map Centenary, 1897–1999: Travelling Through the Byzantine Umayyad Period (SBF Collectio Maior 40; eds. M. Piccirillo & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1999, 173–177; F. Mébarki, MdB 121 (1999), 94; S. Santelli et al., Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 72–83; L. Bonato & M. Emery, LA 50 (2000), 401–410; In Terrasanta: dalla Crociata alla Custodia dei Luoghi Sandi (Milano, 17.2.–21.3.2000; ed. M. Piccirillo), Firenze 2000, 114–124; S. Mason & J. Murphy-O’Connor, BR 16/1 (2000), 31–45, 50–54; K. Prag, PEQ 132 (2000), 169–181; W. Pullan, Text and Artifact, Waterloo, ONT 2000, 308–321; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002; C. Heitz, MdB Hors Série 2005, 44–46; A. Lewin, The Archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine, Los Angeles, CA 2005, 138–144; A. Oshri, Archaeology 58/6 (2005), 42–45.

M. Dadon & Y. Zelinger, ‘Atiqot 32 (1997), 40*–41*.

I. Yezerski, JSRS 6 (1996), xi; BAR 25/3 (1999), 21; F. de Cree, ZDPV 115 (1999), 59–84; Y. Baruch & I. Sharuch, ESI 111 (2000), 74*–75*; 112 (2000), 89*; F. P. M. Karg, Antike Welt 34 (2003), 285–294.

J. Patrich, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 265–272; J. Renz, Die Althebräischen Inschriften, 1 (Handbuch der Althebräischen Epigraphik), Darmstadt 1995, 242–250; P. Sarkio, ZDPV 113 (1997), 39–60; Z. Zevit, The Religions of Ancient Israel: A Synthesis of Parallactic Approaches, London 2001; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 109; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix.

Main publication: Y. & Y. Tepper, Beit She‘arim: The Village and Nearby Burials, Tel Aviv 2004 (Heb.).

Studies: P. W. Van der Horst, BAR 18/5 (1992), 46–57; Z. Weiss, The Galilee in Late Antiquity (ed. L. I. Levine), New York 1992, 357–371; id., EI 25 (1996), 102*; F. Vitto, ‘Atiqot 28 (1996), 115–146; L. I. Levine, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 309–311; R. Sivan, The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (ed. Marta de la Torre), Los Angeles 1997; M. L. Fischer, Marble Studies, Konstanz 1998; T. Rajak, The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco-Roman Culture, 1 (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum 71; ed. P. Schäfer), Tübingen 1998, 349–366; id., The Jewish Dialogue with Greece and Rome: Studies in Cultural and Social Interaction (Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums 48), Leiden 2001; B. -Z. Rosenfeld, HUCA 69 (1998), 57; id., Cathedra 114 (2004), 177; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); J. Elayi & H. Sayegh, Port, Paris 1998–2000; I. C. Freestone & Y. Gorin-Rosen, Journal of Glass Studies 41 (1999), 105–116; id. (et al.), La route du verre (Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient Mediterraneen 33; ed. M. -D. Nenna), Lyon 2000, 65–84; D. Lipkunsky, ESI 19 (1999), 20*; Y. Argaman, ESI 20 (2000), 27*; S. Fine, BR 16/5 (2000), 32–43; I. Jabur, ESI 112 (2000), 119; R. N. Longenecker, Text and Artifact, Waterloo, ONT 2000, 249–270; M. L. Satlow, World Congress of Jewish Studies, 12/B, Jerusalem 2000, 17–24; Z. Yavor, ESI 20 (2000), 26*–27*; M. Peilstöcker & Y. Lehrer, ibid 113 (2001), 28*–30*; Y. Gorin-Rosen, Michmanim 16 (2002), 7*–18*; H. Misgav, JSRS 11 (2002), xvi; M. Tilly, Antike Welt 34 (2003), 143–150; Artifax 20/2 (2005), 6.

R. Reich, EI 23 (1992), 154*; id., TA 19 (1992), 113–123; W. I. Toews, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 701–702; B. Alpert Nakhai, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 314; A. M. Berlin, BA 60 (1997), 2–51; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 103; M. C. D’Angelo, Actas del IV Congrèso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Punicos, Cadiz, 2–6.10.1995, 1–4 (eds. M. E. Aubet & M. Barthelemy), Cadiz 2000, 1511–1517; H. Shanks, BAR 26/6 (2000), 52–63, 71; W. Thiel, Bibel und Kirche 57 (2002), 95–103.

E. J. Stern, ESI 15 (1996), 28–30; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 103; Y. Alexandre & E. J. Stern, ‘Atiqot 42 (2001), 183–195.

M. Haiman, IEJ 44 (1994), 36–61; J. Sarel, The Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in Israel: Technological Analysis (Ph.D. diss.), Haifa 2002; id., ibid. (BAR/IS 1229), Oxford 2004; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30; K. Monigal, More Than Meets the Eye: Studies on Upper Palaeolithic Diversity in the Near East (eds. A. N. Goring-Morris & A. Belfer-Cohen), Oxford 2003, 118–133.

B. Alpert Nakhai, BAR 20/3 (1994), 20; V. Hurowitz, BR 10/5 (1994), 27; A. Mazar, OEANE, 1, New York 1997, 383–384; id., PEQ 131 (1999), 144–148; I. Finkelstein, ibid. 130 (1998), 94–98.

E. Stern, EI 24 (1993), 238*; A. Ofer, Cathedra 90 (1998), 197; J. Patrich, The Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (eds. L. H. Schiffman & J. C. VanderKam), 1, Oxford 2000, 103–103.

Main publications: H. Blödhorn, Die Kapitelle der Synagoge von Kapernaum: ihre zeitliche und stilistische Einordnung im Rahmen der Kapitellentwicklung in der Dekapolis und Palästina (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Paläsina-Vereins 11), Wiesbaden 1993; S. Loffreda, Recovering Capharnaum, 2nd ed., Jerusalem 1993; id., Kapernaum, Jerusalem 1994; id., Cafarnao, Jerusalem 1995; id., Cafarnaum, Jerusalem 1995; id., Cafarnao V: Documentazione fotografica degli scavi (1968–2003) (SBF Collectio Maior 44), Jerusalem 2005; Entrarono a Cafarnao: lettura interdisciplinare di Marco 1 (V. Ravanelli Fest.; SBF Analecta 44; eds. M. Adinolfi & P. Kasawalder), Jerusalem 1997.

Studies: Y. Stepansky, ESI 10 (1991), 87–90; 12 (1993), 10–11; 112 (2000), 9*–11*; 115 (2003), 9*; V. C. Corbo, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 866–869; id., Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 71–76; J. Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, rev. ed., Princeton, NJ 1992; J. C. H. Laughlin, BAR 19/5 (1993), 54–61, 90; S. Loffreda, Early Christianity in Context: Monuments and Documents (E. Testa Fest.; SBF Collection Maior 38; eds. F. Mann & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1993, 37–67; id., LA 47 (1997), 223–244; id., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 416–419; J. E. Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, Oxford 1993; B. Brenk, Byzantine East, Latin West (K. Weitzmann Fest.; eds. C. Moss & K. Kiefer), Princeton, NJ 1995, 15–28; Y. Tsafrir, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1, Ann Arbor, MI 1995, 151–161; E. A. Arslan, LA 46 (1996), 307–316; 47 (1997), 245–328; id., Revue Numismatique 159 (2003), 27–39; B. Callegher, ibid., 329–338; K. M. Galor, Domestic Architecture in Galilee and Golan during the Roman and Byzantine Periods (1st Century B.C. to 7th Century A.D.) (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1996; id., Miscellanea Mediterranea (ed. R. R. Holloway), Providence, RI 2000, 109–124; id., NEA 66 (2003), 44–57; J. Magness, JAOS 117 (1997), 307–316, 481–486; id., Cathedra 101 (2001), 204–205; id., Judaism in Late Antiquity III/4, Leiden 2001, 1–48; C. D. Tarbes. MdB 104 (1997), 71; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); Z. U. Ma‘oz, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 2, Portsmouth, RI 1999, 137–148; M. Nun, BAR 25/4 (1999), 18–31, 64; V. Shalev, Historical Context, Structure and Function in the Churches of Palestine in Late Antiquity (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999 (Eng. abstract); F. Manns, Les Dossiers de l’Archéologie 249 (1999–2000), 46–55; Z. Gal & H. Butros, ESI 111 (2000), 11*; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 76–78; B. D. Chilton, Religious Texts and Material Contexts (Studies in Ancient Judaism; eds. J. Neusner & J. F. Strange), Lanham, MD 2001, 63–71; M. L. Fischer, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 44 (2001), 142–167; LA 51 (2001), 470–471; J. F. Strange, Religious Texts and Material Contexts (op. cit.), Lanham, MD 2001, 43–62; id., Continuity and Renewal: Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine (ed. L. I. Levine), Jerusalem 2004, 530–543; E. M. Meyers, AJA 106 (2002), 244; P. Richardson, New Testament Studies 48 (2002), 314–331; id., Building Jewish in the Roman East (Suppls. to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 92), Waco, TX 2004, 91–107; A. Runesson, Svensk Exegetisk Arsbok 67 (2002), 121–144; BAR 29/1 (2003), 50–51, 53; LA 53 (2003), 520; R. Reisner, Leben am See Gennesaret, Mainz am Rhein 2003, 173–180; J. Zangenberg, ibid., 99–103; BAR 30/1 (2004), 46–47; K. N. Schoville, NEAS Bulletin 49 (2004), 15–26; F. Comte & B. Pixner, MdB Hors Serie 2005, 20–23; C. A. Evans, The Missions of James, Peter, and Paul: Tensions in Early Christianity (Suppls. to Novum Testamentum 115; eds. B. Chilton & C. A. Evans), Leiden 2005, 211–231; L. I. Levine, The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 2nd ed., New Haven, CT 2005, 51–52; A. Lewin, The Archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine, Los Angeles, CA 2005, 66–73.

Y. Hirschfeld, ESI 10 (1991), 36–37; id., The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period, New Haven, CO 1992; id., Early Christianity in Context: Monuments and Documents (E. Testa Fest.; SBF Collection Maior 38; eds. F. Mann & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1993, 297–311; id., LA 50 (2000), 315–362; id., The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 428–437; id., PEQ 136 (2004), 133–149; J. Patrich, Cristianesimo nella Storia 16 (1995), 1–9; id., Michmanim 8 (1995), 9–10*; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001; M. L. Delbridge, Prayer from Alexander to Constantine: A Critical Anthology (eds. M. Kiley et al.), London 1997, 171–175; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 176–205.

Main publication: Z. Yeivin et al., The Synagogue at Korazim: The 1962–1964, 1980–1987 Excavations (IAA Reports 10), Jerusalem 2000 (Eng. abstracts).

Studies: R. S. Smith, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 911–912; K. M. Galor, Domestic Architecture in Galilee and Golan during the Roman and Byzantine Periods (1st Century B.C. to 7th Century A.D.) (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1996; id., NEA 66 (2003), 44–57; S. Fine, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 490–491; Y. Stepansky, ESI 112 (2000), 9*–11*; N. May, ‘Atiqot 43 (2002), 207–252; E. Yehuda, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 9 (2003), 9–25; K. N. Schoville, NEAS Bulletin 49 (2004), 15–26; P. Gruson, MdB Hors Serie 2005, 24–25.

Main publications: J. T. Burtchaell, From Synagogue to Church: Public Services and Offices in the Earliest Christian Communities, Cambridge 1992; ibid. (Review) BR 10/2 (1994), 11–12; L. A. Roussin, The Iconography of the Figural Pavements of Early Byzantine Palestine, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University 1985), Ann Arbor, MI 1992; Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993; ibid. (Reviews) LA 44 (1994), 722–725. — Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 89 (1994), 561–564. — PEQ 126 (1994), 174–175. — BASOR 298 (1995), 94–95. — JAOS 115 (1995), 114. — The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1 (1995), 304–311. — AJA 100 (1996), 194–195. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 53 (1996), 824–827. — JNES 57 (1998), 223–224. —Syria 76 (1999), 315; M. Piccirillo, The Mosaics of Jordan (ACOR Publications 1; eds. P. M. Bikai & T. A. Dailey), Amman 1993; ibid. (Reviews) BASOR 296 (1994), 84–86. — BAR 22/2 (1996), 58–59. — IEJ 46 (1996), 140–142. — JRA 9 (1996), 594–597. — Jordan Antiquity Annual, 1–2 (1997–1998), #22; W. Sanderson, Early Christian Buildings: A Graphic Introduction (300–600), Champlain, NY 1993; D. Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 1–2, Cambridge 1993–1998; ibid. (Reviews) PEQ 126 (1994), 85–86. — ZDPV 110 (1994), 88–90. — 116 (2000), 188–190. — Bibliotheca Orientalis 52 (1995), 816–817. —BAR 22/2 (1996), 68–69. — IEJ 46 (1996), 282–284. — 49 (1999), 286–288. — Levant 28 (1996), 225. — Syria 73 (1996), 226. — 77 (2000), 349. — AJA 103 (1999), 582–584. — BASOR 314 (1999), 91–93. — Antiquity 75/289 (2001), 635–639; id., Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer, Cambridge 1997; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 103 (1999), 582–584. — BASOR 314 (1999), 89–91. — Antiquity 75/289 (2001), 635–639; Churches Built in Ancient Times: Recent Studies in Early Christian Archaeology (ed. K. S. Painter; Society of Antiquaries Occasional Papers 16), London 1994; ibid. (Review) PEQ 129 (1997), 86–88; L. J. Hoppe, The Synagogues and Churches of Ancient Palestine (A Michael Glazier Book), Collegeville, MN 1994; ibid. (Review) LA 44 (1994), 719–720; S. Schrenk, Typos und Antitypos in der frühchristlichen Kunst (Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 21), Münster 1995; Architectural Studies in Memory of Richard Krautheimer (ed. C. L. Striker), Mainz am Rhen 1996; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998; A. M. Schneider, Reticulum: Ausgewählte Aufsätze und Katalog siener Sammlunges (ed. H. R. Seeliger, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 25), Münster 1998; P. Baumann, Spätantike Stifter im Heiligen Land: Darstellung und Inschriften auf Bodenmosaiken in Kirchen, Synagogen und Privathäusern (Spätantike Frühes Christentum Byzanz Kunst in Ersten Jahrtausend B: Studien und Perspektiven 5), Wiesbaden 1999; V. Shalev, Historical Context, Structure and Function in the Churches of Palestine in Late Antiquity (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1999 (Eng. abstract); A. Strus, Bet Gemal: Pathway to the Tradition of Saints Stephen and Gamaliel, Roma 2000; id. (et al.), Khirbet Fattir-Bet Jemal: Two Ancient Jewish and Christian Sites in Israel, Roma 2003; ibid. (Review) LA 52 (2002), 598–600; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001; ibid. (Review) Bibliotheca Orientalis 59 (2002), 618–619; id., Ancient Christian Villages of Judaea and the Negev (SBF Collectio Minor 42), Jerusalem 2002; id., Ancient Christian Villages of Samaria (SBF Collectio Minor 39), Jerusalem 2002; A. Michel, Les églises d’époque Byzantine et Umayyade de Jordanie (provinces d’Arabie et de Palestine) Ve–VIIIe siècles: typologie architecturale et aménagements liturgiques, avec catalogue des monuments (Bibliothèque de l’Antiquite tardive 2), Turnhout 2001; ibid. (Reviews) LA 51 (2001), 375–378. — CRAIBL 2002/2, 494–495. — JRA 15 (2002), 690–699. — L’Antiquite Classique 72 (2003), 672; J. Wilkinson, From Synagogue to Church–The Traditional Design: Its Beginning, its Definition, its End, London 2002; ibid. (Review) PEQ 136 (2004), 190–193; Les églises de Jordanie et leurs mosaïques: Actes de la journée d’études…, Lyon 4.1989 (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 168; ed. N. Duval), Beirut 2003; Io Notaio Nicola de Martoni: il pellegrinaggio ai Luogui Santi da Carinola a Gerusalemme 1394–1395 (SBF Collectio Maior 42; ed. M. Piccirillo), Jerusalem 2003; Horvat Karkur ‘Illit: A Byzantine Cemetery Church in the Northern Negev (Final Report of the Excavations 1989–1995) (Beer-Sheva Archaeological Monographs 1; Beer-Sheva 16; ed. P. Figueras), Beer-Sheva 2004; Cyril of Scythopolis, Lives of Monks of the Judaean Desert (introduction & tr. L. Di Segni), Jerusalem 2005 (Heb.); L. Habas, The Figurative Themes of the Mosaic Pavements in the Churches of Provincia Arabia: Origins, Style and Iconography (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem (in prep.).

Studies: J. R. Branham, Art Bulletin 74 (1992), 375–394; A. Chambon & A. Strus, RB 99 (1992), 425–439; P. Figueras, MdB 78 (1992), 60–63; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 5–7; id., Aram 15 (2003), 49–69; J. Patrich, LA 41 (1992), 429–448; 50 (2000), 363–382; id., The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 470–487; id., Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader (ed. S. Richard), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 479–486; A. Strus, Salesianum 54 (1992), 1–26, 453–478; E. Testa, LA 42 (1992), 109–144; Z. Yeivin, ‘Atiqot 21 (1992), 109–128; B. Kühnel, Jewish Art 19–20 (1993–1994), 113–123; id., Relics in the Art and Culture of the Eastern Christian World: Abstracts of Papers and Material from International Symposium (ed. A. Lidov), Moscow 2000, 33–34; N. Monell, Bibbia e Oriente 35 (1993), 217–233; J. Poulin, MdB 82 (1993), 46–48; A. Strobel, ZDPV 109 (1993), 54–63; Y. Tsafrir, BAR 19/5 (1993), 26–39; id., Antiquite Tardive 8 (2000), 149–164; id., Relics in the Art and Culture of the Eastern Christian World (op. cit.) Moscow 2000, 18; V. Tzaferis, Studies in the Archaeology and History of Ancient Israel, Haifa 1993, 227–249; id., The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 317–321; E. G. Van Welie, Boreas 16 (1993), 165–180; G. Anderlini, Bibbia et Oriente 36/179 (1994), 41–61; Christians in the Holy Land (eds. M. Prior & W. Taylor), London 1994; L. Di Segni, SCI 13 (1994), 94–115; id., Dated Greek Inscriptions from Palestine from the Roman and Byzantine Periods (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1997; id., LA 50 (2000), 383–400; id., Aram 15 (2003), 247–267; J. Elsner, Art History 17 (1994), 81–102; Y. Hirschfeld, BA 57 (1994), 122–133; id., RB 106 (1999), 236–249; A. Jotischky, Levant 26 (1994), 207–223; H. -P. Kuhnen, ZDPV 110 (1994), 36–50; W. H. Mare, Aram 6 (1994), 359–379; id., ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 34; id., SHAJ 8 (2004), 301–309; M. Piccirillo, LA 44 (1994), 381–404; 47 (1997), 375–394; id., The Madaba Map Centenary, 1897–1997: Travelling Through the Byzantine Umayyad Period. Proceedings of the International Conference, Amman, 7–9.4.1997 (SBF Collectio Maior 40; eds. M. Piccirillo & E. Alliata), Jerusalem 1999, 218–221; D. Pringle, The Military Orders, 1: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick (ed. M. Barber), Aldershot 1994, 148–166; C. Dauphin (& S. Gibson), BAIAS 14 (1994–1995), 9–38; id., LA 49 (1999), 397–430; H. Goldfus et al., ibid. 45 (1995), 247–292; P. H. F. Jakobs, ibid., 873–880; V. Lassalle, Pelerinages et Croisades: Actes du 118e Congrès National des Sociétés Historiques et Scientifiques, Pau, Oct 1993, Section Archéologie et Histoire de l’Art, Paris 1995, 321–332; S. Margalit, LA 45 (1995), 357–400; P. Marzolff, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 20 (1995), 1024–1032; A. & N. Monelli, Bibbia e Oriente 37 (1995), 49–59; R. Schick, The Christian Communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic Rule: A Historical and Archaeological Study (Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 2), Princeton, NJ 1995; id., NEA 61 (1998), 86–88; J. -P. Sodini, The Roman and Byzantine Near East, 1, Ann Arbor, MI 1995, 304–311; F. Vitto, Bosphorus (C. Mango Fest.; Byzantinische Forschungen 21; eds. S. Efthymiadis & C. Rapp), Amsterdam 1995, 283–300; M. Ben-Dov, Yoqne‘am, I: The Late Periods (Qedem Reports 3 by A. Ben-Tor et al.), Jerusalem 1996, 42–46; id., Knights of the Holy Land: The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (Israel Museum, Catalogue 422; ed. S. Rozenberg), Jerusalem 1999, 83–93; R. C. Gregg & D. Urman, Jews, Pagans, and Christians in the Golan Hights: Greek and Other Inscriptions of the Roman and Byzantine Eras (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 140), Atlanta, GA 1996; J. E. Zias & P. D. Mitchell, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101 (1996), 491–502; A. Aronshtam, ‘Atiqot 32 (1997), 49*–50*; P. C. Finney, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 1–5; R. Hachlili, ZDPV 113 (1997), 92–122; Taha Hamdan, LA 47 (1997), 359–374; R. Rubin, Journal of Historical Geography 23 (1997), 267–283; id., Mediterranean Historical Review 1998, 56–74; Y. Baruch, JSRS 8 (1998), xx; S. Gibson & Fanny Vitto, LA 48 (1998), 315–334; B. Z. Kedar et al., Sacred Space, Shrine, City, Land. Proceedings of the International Conference, Jerusalem, 8–13.6.1992. (J. Prawer Fest.; eds. B. Z. Kedar & R. J. Z. Werblowsky), London 1998; W. E. Kleinbauer, The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art (B. Narkiss Fest.; ed. B. Kühnel), Jerusalem 1998, 140–146; M. Aviam, Galilee through the Centuries, Winona Lake, IN 1999, 281–300; id., One Land—Many Cultures, Jerusalem 2003, 41–59; id., Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys—Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods (Land of Galiliee 1), Rochester, NY 2004; H. Eshel et al., JRA 12 (1999), 411–422; L’invention des églises (MdB 121; eds. A. de Preville & J. -P. Caillet), Paris 1999, 12–82; S. T. Parker, NEA 62 (1999), 134–180; D. Bar, Changes in the Rural Population of Palestine and its Distribution from the Bar-Kokhba Revolt to the Arab Conquest (Ph.D. diss), Jerusalem 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Dudman, Galilee Revisited: With Mary Magdalene and 20 Other Immortals in Search of Jesus, Jerusalem 2000; L. Habas, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 111–130; G. Kühnel, Relics in the Art and Culture of the Christian World (op. cit.), Moscow 2000, 54; R. Talgam, From Dura to Sepphoris, Portsmouth, RI 2000, 93–110; E. Grabiner, Assaph B/6 (2001), 119–138; M. Itah & Y. Baruch, JSRS 10 (2001), xxii; J. F. Strange, Religious Texts and Material Context (Studies in Ancient Judaism; eds. J. Neusner & J. F. Strange), Lanham, MD 2001, 43–62, 89–138; Z. Vseteckova, The Old Testament as Inspiration in Culture: International Academic Symposium, Prague, Sept. 1995 (eds. J. Heller et al.), Trebenice 2001, 96–110; A. Ovadiah, Art and Archaeology in Israel and Neighbouring Countries, London 2002, 104–124, 159–171; M. W. Merrony, BAIAS 21 (2003), 55–64; R. Mkhjian & C. Kanellopoulos, ADAJ 47 (2003), 9–18; Palestinian Christianity 500–1000 A.D. (Aram 15), Oxford 2003; B. Zissu & D. Weiss, JSRS 13 (2004), xv; S. Hoss & S. Ristow, Welt und Umwelt der Bibel 32 (2004), 72–77; D. Milson, PEQ 136 (2004), 45–56; K. J. H. Vriezen, SHAJ 8 (2004), 469–476.

H. Eshel, JSRS 4 (1994), xiii–xiv, 108, 112; G. Garbrecht & Y. Peleg, BA 57 (1994), 161–170; A. Ovadiah, 5th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, Bath, 5–12.9.1987 (JRA Suppl. Series 9; eds. P. Johnson et al.), Ann Arbor, MI 1994, 67–77; K. Fittschen, Judaea and the Greco-Roman World in the Time of Herod in the Light of Archaeological Evidence, Göttingen 1996, 139–161; G. Foerster, ibid., 52–53; O. Guri-Rimon, Cathedra 82 (1996), 191; E. Netzer, Judaea and the Greco-Roman World in the Time of Herod in the Light of Archaeological Evidence, Göttingen 1996, 34; id., Roman Baths and Bathing: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Roman Baths, Bath, 30.3–4.4.1992 (JRA Suppl. Series 37; eds. J. Delaine & D. E. Johnston), Portsmouth, RI 1999, 45–55; P. Richardson, Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans (Studies on Personalities of the New Testament), Columbia, SC 1996; Z. Meshel, IEJ 47 (1997), 295–297; id., (& D. Amit), The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 311–329; id., JSRS 12 (2003), xi; Le opere fortificate de Erode il Grand, Firenze 1997; D. W. Roller, The Building Program of Herod the Great, Berkeley, CA 1998; A. Lichtenberger, Die Baupolitik Herodes des Grossen (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 26), Wiesbaden 1999; P. Donceel-Voûte, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 8: Actes du 8. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne, 6–11.10.1997 (Cahiers d’Archéologie romande 86; eds. D. Paunier & C. Schmidt), 2, Lausanne 2001, 490–509; M. Fischer, & O. Tal, ZDPV 119 (2003), 19–37; E. Netzer & I. Damati, Hasmonean and Herodian Palaces at Jericho: Final Reports of the 1973–1987 Excavations (director E. Netzer), II: Stratigraphy and Architecture, Jerusalem 2004, 233–280; N. Liphschitz, ibid., 281–285.

D. T. Ariel, ‘Atiqot 20 (1991), 74–80; R. C. Gregg & D. Urman, Jews, Pagans, and Christians in the Golan Heights: Greek and Other Inscriptions of the Roman and Byzantine Eras (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 140), Atlanta, GA 1996.

Main publication: R. Gophna et al., Excavations at Tel Dalit: An Early Bronze Age Walled Town in Central Israel, Tel Aviv 1996.

Study: R. T. Schaub, The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond, Winona Lake, IN 2000, 444–464.

Main publications: M. J. Winn Leith, Greek and Persian Images in Pre-Alexandrine Samaria: The Wadi ed-Daliyeh Seal Impressions (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge, MA 1990), Ann Arbor, MI 1993; id., Wadi Daliyeh, I: The Wadi Daliyeh Seal Impressions (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 24), Oxford 1997; ibid. (Reviews) BAR 25/4 (1999), 56, 58–59. — Dead Sea Discoveries 9 (2002), 258–262. — JNES 62 (2003), 27–30; D. M. Gropp et al., Wadi Daliyeh, II: The Samaria Papyri from Wadi Daliyeh (Qumran Cave 4/XXVIII: Miscellanea 2; Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 28), Oxford 2001; Surveys and Excavations of Caves in the Northern Judean Desert (CNJD) -1993 (‘Atiqot 41/2), Jerusalem 2002.

Studies: D. M. Gropp, Maarav 5–6 (1990), 165–188; id., ABD, 5, New York 1992, 931–932; id., The Dead Sea Scrolls, 50 Years after Their Discovery: Major Issues and New Approaches. An International Congress, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 20–25 7.1997 (eds. L. H. Schiffman et al.), Jerusalem 2000, 826–835; F. M. Cross, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 3–4; J. Schwartz & Y. Spanier, Cathedra 65 (1992), 190; J. H. McCulloch, BAR 19/4 (1993), 49; H. Eshel, JSRS 4 (1994), 106–107, 117; id., EI 26 (1999), 226*; P. K. McCarter, Jr., Ancient Inscriptions: Voices from the Biblical World, Washington, DC 1996; Y. Spanier, JSRS 5 (1995), xii; 6 (1996), xiii; J. Zsengeller, Zeitschrift für Althebräistik 9 (1996), 182–189; L. Cansdale, Qumran and the Essenes: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence (Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum 60), Tübingen 1997; W. G. Dever, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 101–102; O. Pedersen, Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East, 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda, MD 1998, 226–227; R. Zadok, UF 30 (1998), 781–828; H. M. Cotton, ZDPV 115 (1999), 228–247; id., SCI 20 (2001), 118–119; B. A. Levine, EI 26 (1999), 230*; M. J. Winn Leith, The Dead Sea Scrolls, 50 Years after Their Discovery (op. cit.), Jerusalem 2000, 691–707; Y. Peleg & N. Hameiri, ‘Atiqot 41/2 (2002), 1–4; R. Kessler, “Einen Altar von Erde mache mir…” (D. Conrad Fest.; Kleine Arbeiten zum Alten und Neuen Testament 4/5; eds. J. F. Diehl et al.), Waltrop 2003, 169–181.

Main publication: Y. Hirschfeld et al., The Early Byzantine Monastery at Khirbet ed-Deir in the Judean Desert: The Excavations in 1981–1987 (Qedem 38), Jerusalem 1999; ibid. (Reviews) Bonner Jahrbücher 200 (2000), 716–719. — BASOR 322 (2001), 91–94. — Byzantinische Zeitschrift 94 (2001), 312–314. — PEQ 133 (2001), 63. — Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 77 (2001), 631–633. — AJA 107 (2003), 140–141.

Studies: M. McRoy, Archaeology in the Biblical World 1/1 (1991), 2–3; Y. Hirschfeld, Ancient Churches Revealed (ed. Y. Tsafrir), Jerusalem 1993, 244–258; id., BAR 21/5 (1995), 28–37; P. Donceel-Voûte, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Ergänzungsband 20 (1995), 202.

O. Buchsenschutz, MdB 75 (1992), 16–19; T. Dothan, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 130–133; id., BA 56 (1993), 132–134; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 140–141; id., BAR 24/5 (1998), 24–37, 70, 72; id., The White Slip Ware of Late Bronze Age Cyprus, Wien 2001, 157–160; J. Yellin, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 14 (1993), 25–39; A. E. Killebrew, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 135–162; id., Archaeology, History and Culture in Palestine and the Near East, Atlanta, GA 1999, 83–126; id., Egypt, Israel, and the Ancient Mediterranean World (D. B. Redford Fest.; Probleme de Ägyptologie 20; eds. G. N. Knoppers & A. Hirsch), Leiden 2004, 309–344; M. -M. Sadek, Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 58–59; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 104; P. Blanc, Gaza Mediterranéenne: histoire et archéologie en Palestine (ed. J. -B. Humbert), Paris 2000, 127–135; H. Richter, Die Phönizischen Anthropoiden Sarkophage, 2: Tradition, Rezeption, Wander (Forschungen zur Phönizisch-Punischen und Zyprischen Plastik I/2; ed. Simone Frede), Mainz 2002, 243–271; M. A. S. Martin, Ägypten und Levante 14 (2004), 265–284; id., Aspects of the Egyptian Involvement in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Canaan: The Egyptian and Egyptian-Style Pottery—A Case Study, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Wien 2005.

D. Syon, ESI 114 (2002), 1*.

Main publication: U. Worschech, Cromlechs, Dolmen und Menhire (Beiträge zur Erforschung der Antiken Moabitis (Ard el-Kerak), 2 (Vergleichende Studien zu Vor-und Frühgeschichtlichen Grabanlagein in Jordanien; Veröffentlischungen des Instituts für Biblische Archäologie an der Theologischen Hochschule Friedensau), Frankfurt am Main 2002; ibid. (Review) ADAJ 46 (2002), 629–631.

Studies: L. Vinitzky, EI 21 (1991), 107*; id., TA 19 (1992), 100–112; D. Bahat, The Architecture of Ancient Israel, Jerusalem 1992, 91–93; Y. Mizrahi, BAR 18/4 (1992), 46–54, 84; id. (et al.), IEJ 46 (1996), 167–196; C. M. Dauphin, Cathedra 73 (1994), 198; M. Zohar, Early Transition Periods in the Archaeology of Syria-Palestine (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1994 (Eng. abstract); K. Prag, The Archaeology of Death, Oxford 1995, 75–84; D. Ilan, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 167–168; C. Nicolle et al., ADAJ 43 (1999), 91–98; J. A. Fernandez-Tresguerres Velasco, SHAJ 7 (2001), 173–178; R. Greenberg, Early Urbanizations in the Levant: A Regional Narrative (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology), London 2002; The 1994 Season at Tall al-‘Umayri and Subsequent Studies (Madaba Plains Project 5; eds. L. G. Herr et al.), Berrien Springs, MI 2002.

R. E. Colley & G. D. Pratico, Scripture and Other Artifacts, Louisville, KY 1994, 70–92; id., Preliminary Excavation Reports: Sardis, Bir Umm Fawakhir, Tell el-Umeiri, The Combined Caesarea Expeditions and Tell Dothan (AASOR 52; ed. W. G. Dever), Philadelphia 1995, 147–190; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 171; W. G. Dever, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 226–227; C. L. Cockerham, BASOR 298 (1995), 75–76; H. -D. Neef, Ephraim: Studien zur Geschichte des Stammes Ephraim von der Landname bis zur frühen Königszeit (ZAW Beihefte 238), Berlin 1995; G. Galil, Cathedra 84 (1997), 189; A. Rofe, Ki Baruch hu: Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical and Judaic Studies (B. A. Levine Fest.; eds. R. Chazan et al.), Winona Lake, IN 1999, 345–353; J. S. E. Lev-Tov & E. F. Maher, PEQ 133 (2001), 91–110; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 104–105; O. Sion, Settlement History in the Central Samarian Region in the Byzantine Period, 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2001 (Eng. abstract); R. Kletter, IEJ 52 (2002), 32–35; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 211–215.

Main publications: M. Machlin, Joshua’s Altar: The Dig at Mount Ebal, New York 1991; O. Cohen, Indentation and Incisions on Clay Vessels in the Iron Age I Period in the Central Hill Country of Canaan (M.A. Thesis), Haifa 2005 (Eng. abstract).

Studies: M. Bar-Ilan, JSRS 2 (1992), vii–viii; A. Zertal, The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution, Oct. 26, 1991, Washington, DC 1992, 76–78; id., ABD, 2, New York 1992, 255–258; ibid., 5, New York 1992, 1186–1187; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 179–180; id., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Jerusalem 1998, 238–250; V. Fritz, Das Buch Josua (Handbuch zum Alten Testament I/07), Tübingen 1994; id., “Einen Altar von Erde mache mir…” (D. Conrad Fest.; Kleine Arbeiten zum Alten und Neuen Testament 4/5; eds. J. F. Diehl et al.), Waltrop 2003, 41–55; BAR 22/5 (1996), 22; C. T. Begg, Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 73 (1997), 82–83; E. Noort, Deuteronomy and Deuteronomic Literature (C. H. W. Brekelmans Fest.; eds. M. Vervenne & J. Lust), Leuven 1997, 161–180; P. A. Barker, Tyndale Bulletin 49 (1998), 277–303; J. M. Van Cangh, MdB 110 (1998), 36–41; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; Y. Meitlis, JSRS 10 (2001), ix; Y. Ziv, ibid. 11 (2002), x–xi; Y. Elitzur & D. Nir-Zevi, PEQ 135 (2003), 30–36; id., BAR 30/3 (2004), 35–39; A. Mazar, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 85–98; D. Nir-Zevi & Y. Elitzur, JSRS 12 (2003), viii–ix; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91.

J. Kaplan, ABD, 3, New York 1992, 643–644; Y. Garfinkel, Neolithic and Chalcolithic Pottery of the Southern Levant (Qedem 39), Jerusalem 1999.

I. Finkelstein, EI 21 (1991), 109*–110*; W. G. Dever, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 184–185; id., OEANE, 1 (ed. E. M. Meyers), New York 1997, 35–36; A. Mazar, ibid. 23 (1992), 152*–153*; id., IEJ 45 (1995), 85–117; Archaeological Survey of the Hill Country of Benjamin (Archaeological Survey of Israel; eds. I. Finkelstein & Y. Magen), Jerusalem 1993; Y. Elitzur, JSRS 3 (1993), viii–ix; A. Mederos Martin, Madrider Mitteilungen 41 (2000), 83–111; B. Zissu, JSRS 10 (2001), xvii–xviii; id., PEQ 133 (2001), 145–158; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91.

Main publications: Emmaus-Qubeibeh: The Results of Excavations at Emmaus-Qubeibeh and Nearby Sites (1873, 1887–1890, 1900–1902, 1940–1944) (SBF Collectio Maior 4), Jerusalem 1993; A. Chouraqui, Abu Gosh: de l’Emmaus des croises au monastère de la resurrection, Ile-d’Yeu 1995; B. Chenu, Disciples d’Emmaüs, Paris 2003; ibid. (Review) MdB 156 (2004), 60; K. -H. Fleckenstein et al., Emmaus in Judäa: Geschichte, Exegese, Archäologie (Biblische Archäologie und Zeitgeschichte), Giessen 2005.

Studies (includes Nicopolis): H. Eshel, INJ 11 (1990–1991), 7–8; E. Dvorjetski, Aram 4 (1992), 425–449; 13–14 (2001–2002), 485–512; id., Medicinal Hot Springs in Eretz-Israel during the Period of the Second Temple, the Mishna and the Talmud (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 1993 (Eng. abstract); id., Latomus 56 (1997), 567–581; id., Roman Baths and Bathing: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Roman Baths, Bath, 30. 3–4.4.1992 (JRA Suppl. Series 37; eds. J. Delaine & D. E. Johnston), Portsmouth, RI 1999, 117–129; id. (et al.), Stories from a Heated Earth: Our Geothermal Heritage (eds. R. Cataldi et al.), San Diego, CA 1999, 34–49; id., BAR 30/4 (2004), 16–27, 60; O. Goldwasser, IEJ 42 (1992), 47–51; J. F. Strange, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 497–498; R. Shallev, The Emmaus Region during the Roman-Byzantine Period, Ramat-Gan 1994 (Eng. abstract); R. M. Mackowski, Cities of Jesus: A Study of the “Three Degrees of Importance” of Holy Land Places, Roma 1995; M. Ehrlich, ZDPV 112 (1996), 165–169; I. Roll, EI 25 (1996), 107*–109*; K. -H. Fleckenstein, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 5 (1997), 71–97; 10 (2004), 196–197; M. Gichon, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 240–241; R. Ellenblum, Frankish Rural Settlements in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Cambridge 1998; S. Wimmer, Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology, Wiesbaden 1998, 87–123; In Terrasanta dalla croiciata alla Custodia dei Luoghi Santi (ed. M. Piccirillo), Fireze 2000, 132; Z. Vseteckova, The Old Testament as Inspiration in Culture: International Academic Symposium, Prague, Sept. 1995 (eds. J. Heller et al.), Trebenice 2001, 96–110; E. Friedheim, RB 109 (2002), 101–108; Y. Hirschfeld, The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 187–198; id., PEQ 136 (2004), 133–149; J. Read-Heimerdinger & J. Rius-Camps, Revista Catalana de Teologia 27 (2002), 23–42; E. Villeneuve, MdB 142 (2002), 56–57; N. Tzameret, JSRS 12 (2003), xix; C. P. Thiede, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 8 (2004), 593–599; P. Gruson, MdB Hors Série 2005, 50–51.

Main publication: R. Gophna et al., Excavations at ‘En Besor, Tel Aviv 1995.

Studies: Y. Israel & D. Nahlieli, ESI 10 (1991), 159; B. Brandl, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 441–477; R. Gophna, EI 23 (1992) 146*–147*; id., The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 385–394; id., TA 20 (1993), 29–32; 147–163 (& E. Friedman); 27 (2000), 26–27 (& E. Buzaglo); id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 219–220; N. Porat, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 433–440; A. R. Schulman, ibid., 395–417; id., For his Ka (K. Baer Fest.; Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilisations 55; ed. D. P. Silverman), Chicago, IL 1994, 241–244; A. H. Joffe, Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant: Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 4), Sheffield 1993; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo Abteilung 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el Qaab, II (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; G. W. Van Beek, EI 25 (1996), 1*–8*; D. Gazit, Map of Urim (125) (The Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1996; P. Wapnish, Retrieving the Past, Winona Lake, IN 1996, 285–296; A. N. Goring-Morris, Rock Art Research 15 (1998), 81–88; A. Perez Lagarcha, Annales du Service des Antiquites de l’Égypte 73 (1998), 102–107; L. Watrin, Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge 3–9.9.1995, Oxford 1998, 1215–1226; L. Kolska Horwitz (& A. N. Goring-Morris), Paléorient 26/1 (2000), 111–128; id. (et al.), In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes, Tel Aviv 2002, 107–133; Y. Yekutieli, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 129–152; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; P. Kaplony, Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 487–498; L. D. Morenz, Herrscherpräsentation und Kulturkontakte Ägypten-Levante-Mesopotamien: Acht Fallstudien (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 304), Münster 2003, 21–47; id., ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; Y. Ben Michael et al., ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 159–160; D. Hakker, ibid., 161.

Main publications: M. Gichon, En Boqeq: Ausgrabungen in einer Oase am Toten Meer, I: Geographie und Geschichte der Oase das Spätrömisch-byzantinische Kastell, Mainz am Rhein 1993; ibid. (Reviews) AfO 40–41 (1993–1994), 187–188. — Mesopotamia 29 (1994), 347–350. — Orientalia 63 (1994), 297–299. — Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 89 (1994), 288–289. — Bonner Jahrbücher 196 (1996), 825–828. — JNES 56 (1997), 138–140. — JRA 10 (1997), 580–586. — Syria 74 (1997), 246–248. — Levant 30 (1998), 203–208. — PEQ 130 (1998), 77–78; M. L. Fischer & M. Gichon, ‘En Boqeq: Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea Shore, 2: The Officina: An Early Roman Building on the Dead Sea Shore, Mainz am Rhein 2000; ibid. (Reviews) AJA 106 (2002), 346–347. — JRA 15 (2002), 646–650. — BASOR 331 (2003), 91–92. — IEJ 53 (2003), 132–133. — SCI 22 (2003), 337–338.

Studies: A. Sheffer, Textile History 22 (1991), 3–46; M. Gichon, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 498–499; id., JSRS 5 (1995), xvi; id., EI 25 (1996), 100*; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 220–221; D. Pringle, Levant 30 (1998), 203–208; J. Magness, The Roman and Byzantine Near East 2 (1999), 189–206; id., The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 115; Y. Yekutieli, ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, Col. 2001, 32; id., Ancient Near Eastern Studies 41 (2004), 5–37; M. L. Fischer & T. Shacham, The Aqueducts of Israel, Portsmouth, RI 2002, 402–408; G. Hadas, Irrigation Agriculture in the Oasis of Ein Gedi and its Parallels in the Oases Around the Dead Sea during the Roman-Byzantine Period (Ph.D. diss.), Jerusalem 2003.

D. Milson, LA 41 (1991), 449–454; H. Ben David, ‘Atiqot 34 1998), 5*–6*; Z. Safrai, The Missing Century: Palestine in the 5th Century—Growth and Decline (Palestine Antiqua N.S. 9), Leuven 1998, (index); H. Gitler & D. Weisburd, Les villages dans l’empire byzantin (IVe–XVe siècle) (Réalités Byzantines 11; eds. J. Lefort et al.), Paris 2005, 539–552.

E. Braun, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 504; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 224–225; J. R. Zorn, BASOR 295 (1994), 31–48; Y. Goren & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182.

J. Janai, INJ 13 (1994–1999), 78–82.

J. Connan et al., Molecular Archaeology: Export of Dead Sea Asphalt to Canaan and Egypt in Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age (4th–3rd Millennium BC) (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56), Oxford 1992, 2743–2759; W. G. Dever, ABD, 1, New York 1992, 369–370; A. Kempinski, The Nile Delta in Transition, Tel Aviv 1992, 419–425; J. D. Seger, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 908–909; U. Hartung, MDAI Kairo Abt. 50 (1994), 107–113; id., Umm el-Qaab, 2 (DAI, Abt. Kairo, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 92), Mainz am Rhein 2001; B. Brandl, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 256–258; E. L. Braun (& E. C. M. van den Brink), ESI 16 (1997), 124–126; id., Ägypten und Levante 7 (1998), 71–94; id., Encounters with Ancient Egypt, 2000; id., Egypt and the Levant, London 2002, 173–189; T. E. Levy et al., BASOR 307 (1997), 1–51; Arlene Miller Rosen, Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse (NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change 49; eds. N. H. Dalfes et al.), Berlin 1997, 25–38; A. Perez Lagarcha, Annales du Service des Antiquites de l’Égypte 73 (1998), 102–107; W. M. Schniedewind, BASOR 309 (1998), 69–77; Y. Dagan, The Settlement in the Judean Shephelah in the 2nd and 1st Millennium B.C.: A Test-Case of Settlement Processes in a Geographic Region (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 2000 (Eng. abstract); H. Nur el-Din, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1225–1233; G. Philip & O. Williams-Thorpe, ibid., 1379–1397; K. N. Sowada, ibid., 1527–1540; Y. Yekutieli, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 129–152; id., Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; J. A. Blakely & J. W. Hardin, BASOR 326 (2002), 1–64; R. Gophna, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 129–137; P. Nahshoni & S. Israeli, ibid, 319–324; Y. Paz, TA 29 (2002), 242; M. Cohen, ESI 115 (2003), 73*; L. D. Morenz, ZDPV 120 (2004), 1–12; A. F. Rainey, IEJ 54 (2004), 100–104; J. Yellin & J. M. Cahill, ibid., 191–213; J. Drori, Cathedra 117 (2005), 176; W. H. Shea, NEAS Bulletin 50 (2005), 1–14.

M. Kochavi, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 609; id., OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 260–261; I. Finkelstein, Living in the Fringe: The Archaeology and History of the Negev, Sinai and Neighbouring Regions in the Bronze and Iron Ages (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology 6), Sheffield 1995; id., ZDPV 118 (2002), 109–135; D. Jericke, Die Landnahme im Negev: Eine archäologische und exegetische Studie (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 20), Wiesbaden 1997; G. London, AASOR 58 (2003), 69–84.

A. Eran, ‘Atiqot 10 (Heb. Series, 1990), 15 *–16 * (Eng. abstract); D. Chen, LA 42 (1992), 297–303; J. L. Peterson, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 617–618; D. Amit, Cathedra 68 (1993), 199; id., Ancient Synagogues, Leiden 1995, 129–132; R. Kletter & Etty Brand, ZDPV 114 (1998), 139–154; B. Zissu, JSRS 11 (2002), xviii–xix; J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine, Winona Lake, IN 2003, 102–103; Y. Elitzur, Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History, Jerusalem 2004, 149–151; Z. Yeivin, ‘Atiqot 48 (2004), 155–158.

Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period, New Haven CT 1992; id., LA 43 (1993), 339–371; V. Eshed, Paleoanthropological Research on Four Byzantine Populations (M.A. thesis), Tel Aviv 1993; I. Hershkovitz (et al.), LA 43 (1993), 373–385; id. (& R. Yakar), International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 5 (1995), 61–77; J. Patrich, Abas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, 4th to 7th Centuries (Dumbarton Oaks Studies 32), Washington, D.C. 1995, 162–163; H. Goldfus, Tombs and Burials in Churches and Monasteries of Byzantine Palestine (324–628 A.D.), 1–2 (Ph.D. diss.), Ann Arbor, MI 1998, 176–205; S. Santelli et al., Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 240 (1999), 86–87; F. Mébarki, MdB 131 (2000), 60; L. Di Segni, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th Century to the Present (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98; ed. J. Patrich), Leuven 2001, 31–36; P. Donceel-Voûte, La mosaïque gréco-romaine 9: Actes du 9. Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Roma, 5–10.11.2001, Paris 2002, 151–170.

The prehistoric site: A. Ronen, Sonderveröffentlichungen Geologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln 82 (1991), 187–212; id., ABD, 2, New York 1992, 679–680; id. (et al.), JHE 44 (2003), 633–639; id., Lower Palaeolithic Small Tools in Europe and the Levant (BAR/IS 1115; eds. J. M. Burdukiewicz & A. Ronen), Oxford 2003, 113–120; E. Tchernov et al., Quaternary Research 42 (1994), 328–339; N. Goren-Inbar, The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, London 1995, 93–109; H. Ron et al., Annual Meeting of the Israel Geological Society (eds. Z. Gvirtzman & R. Amit), Eilat 2001, 97; id., JHE 44 (2003), 633–639.

Other remains: D. Avshalom-Gorni, ESI 109 (1999), 93*; B. Bagatti, Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee (SBF Collectio Minor 37), Jerusalem 2001, 151.

H. L. Dibble & O. Bar-Yosef, The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology (Monographs in World Archaeology 23; ed. H. L. Dibble), Madison, WI 1995, 79–92; D. O. Henry, Neanderthals in the Levant: Behavioral Organization and the Beginnings of Human Modernity (New Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology; ed. D. O. Henry), London 2003, 12–30.

Main publication: P. Amiet et al., Tell el Far‘ah: histoire, glyptique et céramologie (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Series archaeologica 14), Fribourg 1996; ibid (Review) UF 28 (1996), 777.

Studies: Y. Goren, EI 21 (1991), 105*; id. & S. Zuckermann, Ceramics and Change, Sheffield 2000, 165–182; D. W. Manor, ABD, 6, New York 1992, 573–577; W. Zwickel, Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 10), Tübingen 1994; G. Galil, ZDPV 109 (1993), 49–53; G. M. Schwartz, JNES 52 (1993), 151–153 (Review); N. Na’aman, JSOT 65 (1995), 37–53; E. Braun, Cultural Diversity and Change in the Early Bronze I of Israel and Jordan: Towards an Understanding of the Chronological Progression and Patterns of Regionalism in Early Bronze I Society (Ph.D. diss.), Tel Aviv 1996; C. Flucault-Forest, L’Habitat, Oxford 1996; A. H. Joffe, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 303–304; M. Bernett & O. Keel, Mond, Stier und Kult am Stadttor: Die Stele von Betsaida (et-Tell) (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 161), Göttingen 1998, 53–59; T. Haettner Blomquist, Gates and Gods: Cults in the City Gates of Iron Age Palestine: An Investigation of the Archaeological and Biblical Sources (Coniectanea Biblica: Old Testament Series 46), Stockholm 1999, 86–93; J. Mallet, UF 30 (1998), 511–514; 32 (2000), 297–338; id., Orient Express 1999, 55–57; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; H. Nur el-Din, ICAANE, 1, Roma 2000, 1225–1233; J. D. Schloen, The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East (Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 2; Harvard Semitic Museum Publications), Winona Lake, IN 2001, 147–183; Y. Yekutieli, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 659–688; P. Beck, Imagery and Representation, Tel Aviv 2002, 228–251; A. Caquot, CRAIBL 2002/3, 995–997; Y. Paz, TA 29 (2002), 240, 242; E. Bloch-Smith, IEJ 54 (2004), 77–91; R. D. Miller, II, BASOR 333 (2004), 55–68.

Main publication: S. L. Braunstein, The Dynamics of Power in an Age of Transition: An Analysis of the Mortuary Remains of Tell el-Far‘ah (South) in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University), New York 1998.

Studies: M. Kapica, Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 4 (1992), 33–40; id., Zeszyty Maukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, Praco Archeogiczne 53 (1992), 33–40; id., Munus Amicitiae: Studia Archeologiczne Poswiecone Pamieci (ed. O. Hirsch-Dyczek), Cracow 1994, 69–81; R. Liwak, ABD, 5, New York 1992, 1163–1165; M. K. Risser & S. P. Harvey, AJA 96 (1992), 344; P. Daviau, Houses, Sheffield 1993, 409–417; A. F. Rainey, EI 24 (1993), 178*–187*; W. A. Ward & W. G. Dever, Scarab Typology and Archaeological Contexts: An Essay on Middle Bronze Age Chronology (Studies on Scarab Seals 3), San Antonio, TX 1994; E. Zilberman et al., Geological Survey of Israel, Current Research 9 (1994), 81–86; D. Gazit, Map of Urim (125) (The Archaeological Survey of Israel), Jerusalem 1996; E. D. Oren, The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives (University Museum Monograph 96 and Symposium Series 8; ed. E. D. Oren), Philadelphia 1997, 253–283; J. M. Weinstein, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 304–305; O. Goldwasser & S. Wimmer, BASOR 313 (1999), 39–42; E. A. Knauf, UF 31 (1999), 247–254; id., BN 109 (2001), 19–20; G. Lehmann & T. J. Schneider, ibid, 251–254; id., IEJ 50 (2000), 258–261; id., NEA 63 (2000), 113; G. Lehmann, ESI 112 (2000), 114*–115*; T. J. Barako, AJA 104 (2000), 513–530; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; R. Becking & J. A. Wagenaar, BN 107–108 (2001), 12–14; I. Sharon, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, Chicago, IL 2001, 555–609; T. Schneider, ASOR Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Boulder, CO 2001, 16–17; H. Richter, Die Phönizischen Anthropoiden Sarkophage, 2: Tradition, Rezeption, Wander (Forschungen zur Phönizisch-Punischen und Zyprischen Plastik I/2; ed. Simone Frede), Mainz 2002, 243–271; E. Yannai, Beer-Sheva 15 (2002), 368–376; I. Singer, EI 27 (2002), 287*; Z. Herzog, Saxa Loquentur, Münster 2003, 85–96; B. Brandl, Synchronisation, Wien 2004, 249–261; I. Ziffer, TA 32 (2005), 133–167.

J. Kaplan, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 782–783; M. Bietak & K. Kopetzky, Synchronisation, Wien 2000, 105; S. Paz, TA 27 (2000), 292–294.

P. M. Arnold, ABD, 2, New York 1992, 1007–1009; id., BA 55 (1992), 161 (Review); id., JAOS 112 (1992), 164 (Review); Archaeological Survey of the Hill Country of Benjamin (Archaeological Survey of Israel; eds. I. Finkelstein & Y. Magen), Jerusalem 1993; I. David, Naval Research Logistics 42 (1995), 579–584; Y. Elitzur, JSRS 5 (1995), x–xi; S. Gibson, New Studies on Jerusalem 2 (1996), 9*–24*; id., ASOR Newsletter 47/3 (1997), 14; id., One Land—Many Cultures, Jerusalem 2003, 287–308; S. S. Brooks, BAIAS 15 (1996–1997), 31–40; id., Temple and Worship in Biblical Israel (Library of Hebrew, Bible/Old Testament Studies 422; ed. J. Day), London 2005, 40–59; N. L. Lapp, OEANE, 2, New York 1997, 346–347; S. M. Langston, Cultic Sites in the Tribe of Benjamin: Benjaminite Prominence in the Religion of Israel (American University Studies Series 7; Theology and Religion 200), New York 1998; O. Lipschitz, TA 26 (1999), 155–190; M. Miller, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 25 (1999), 61–73; I. Peretz & A. Reem, ESI 110 (1999), 58*; E. Regev, JQR 89 (1999), 351–359; Y. Baruch, ESI 111 (2000), 62*–64*; A. Reem, ESI 114 (2002), 72*–73*; C.E. Carter, Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babyonian Period. International Conference, Tel Aviv, May 2001 (eds. O. Lipschits & J. Blankinsopp), Winona Lake, IN 2003, 301–322.