067
Answer: 11
Part of the distinctive charm of Jerusalem’s Old City is the myriad of mighty gates that guard its entrances. Around the nearly 3-mile-long fortified perimeter of the Old City, 11 gates watch over the city’s narrow streets and passageways, although only seven of these are now open.
Of the seven functioning gates that can be visited today—the Damascus Gate, the Jaffa Gate, the Lions’ Gate, the Dung Gate, the Zion Gate, Herod’s Gate and the New Gate—all but the last one were constructed, along with the current city walls, in 1538 by the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent. The New Gate, found in the northwestern corner of the Old City, was created in 1887 to allow pilgrims and church officials more direct access to the Christian Quarter.
The four remaining gates—the Single Gate, the Double Gate, the Triple Gate and, most famously, the Golden Gate—are all to be found along the southern and eastern walls of the Temple Mount. The Single Gate was built by the Crusaders, but the multiple-entry Double and Triple gates—also known as the Western and Eastern Huldah Gates, respectively—were originally built by King Herod and gave direct access to the Temple compound via underground passageways. All three gates were walled-up in 1187 after Saladin’s conquest of Jerusalem.
The double-arched Golden Gate, prominently located in the middle of the Temple Mount’s eastern wall, dates to either the sixth or seventh century A.D. Jewish tradition holds that the Messiah will enter Jerusalem through the Golden Gate on the Day of Judgment. Christians believe an earlier version of this gate was where Jesus entered on Palm Sunday when he visited Jerusalem for the last time (John 12:12–15). To prevent the fulfillment of messianic prophecies, Suleiman the Magnificent finally sealed the gate’s portals in 1541.
Answer: B) Cosmetic palette
This smoothed piece of grey flintstone, decorated with two silhouetted birds’ heads, was the ideal cosmetic palette in Predynastic Egypt, the long era before the rise of the first pharaohs (c. 5000–3000 B.C.). The hard, flat surface of the stone was used to grind and moisten different colored pigments that were then applied as face paint to ruling elites.
Besides their practical function, however, such palettes were often decorated with, or even crafted in the shape of, symbolic animals such as bulls and birds, suggesting the stones may have had magical properties as well. Some scholars have argued that the palettes, which often have a small piercing near their top, would have hung around the neck or waist of hunters as they tracked their prey. At their death, many of these hunters even had their palettes buried with them.
Answer: 11
Part of the distinctive charm of Jerusalem’s Old City is the myriad of mighty gates that guard its entrances. Around the nearly 3-mile-long fortified perimeter of the Old City, 11 gates watch over the city’s narrow streets and passageways, although only seven of these are now open.
