Biblical Views: Did Abraham Ride a Camel?
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Endnotes
1.
Lidar Sapir-Hen and Erez Ben-Yosef, “The Introduction of Domestic Camels to the Southern Levant: Evidence from the Aravah Valley,” Tel Aviv 40 (2013), pp. 277–285. In addition, see Steven Rosen and Benjamin Saidel, “The Camel and the Tent: An Exploration of Technological Change Among Early Pastoralists,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 69 (2010), pp. 63–77; Peter Magee, “When Was the Dromedary Domesticated in the Ancient Near East?” Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie 8 (2015), pp. 252–277.
2.
Wayne Horowitz, “The Ship of the Desert, the Donkey of the Sea: the Camel in Early Mesopotamia Revisited,” in Chaim Cohen, Victor Avigdor Hurowitz, and Avi Hurowitz, eds., Birkat Shalom: Studies in the Bible, Ancient Near Eastern Literature, and Postbiblical Judaism Presented to Shalom M. Paul on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, vol. 2 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008), pp. 598–601.
3.
Yitzhak Sefati, Love Songs in Sumerian Literature: Critical Edition of the Dumuzi-Inanna Songs (Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan Univ. Press, 1998), pp. 221–222. See the detailed discussion about this text by Martin Heide, “The Domestication of the Camel: Biological, Archaeological, and Inscriptional Evidence from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel, and Arabia, and Literary Evidence from the Hebrew Bible,” Ugarit Forschungen 42 (2010), pp. 355–357.
4.
Henri Frankfort et al., The Gimilsin Temple and the Palace of the Rulers at Tell Asmar (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1940), pp. 212, 231.
5.
Piotr Steinkeller, “Camels in Ur III Babylonia?” in J. David Schloen, ed., Exploring the Longue Durée: Essays in Honor of Lawrence E. Stager (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2009), pp. 415–419.