Endnotes

1. Craig Blomberg, Contagious Holiness: JesusMeals with Sinners (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2005), pp. 98–103.

2. For an overview of the integration of Jewish and Greco-Roman table habits at the Lord’s Supper, see Dennis Edwin Smith, From Symposium to Eucharist: The Banquet in the Early Christian World (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003); R. Alan Streett, Subversive Meals: An Analysis of the Lord’s Supper Under Roman Domination During the First Century (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013).

3. For the in-text citations, see The Apostolic Fathers Greek Texts and English Translations, trans. Michael W. Holmes (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007). Andrew Brian McGowan, Ancient Christian Worship: Early Church Practices in Social, Historical, and Theological Perspective (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014), p. 33.

4. See Thomas J. Talley, “From Berakah to Eucharistia: A Reopening Question,” Worship 50 (1976), pp. 115–137; Paul F. Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson, The Eucharistic Liturgies: Their Evolution and Interpretation (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2012), pp. 15–17.

5. For the in-text citation, see The Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, vol. 1, Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994).

6. Scholars commonly emphasize that Christianity did not emerge as a uniform phenomenon; see Karen L. King, “Which Early Christianity?” in Susan Ashbrook Harvey and David G. Hunter, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).

7. For an overview of the diversity in conduct and food at the Christian meal, see Andrew Brian McGowan, Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999).

8. For the in-text citation, see Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second, vol. 4, Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994).

9. For the in-text citation, see Hippolytus, Cyprian, Caius, Novatian, Appendix, vol. 5, Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994).

10. For an excellent overview of some of the major changes that took place in the Lord’s Supper and Eucharist between the second and third centuries, see McGowan, Ancient Christian Worship, pp. 47–55.

11. For the in-text citation, see Alistair Stewart-Sykes, On the Apostolic Tradition: An English Version with Introduction and Commentary (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001).