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A New York appellate court has affirmed the criminal conviction of Raphael Golb, son of Dead Sea Scroll scholar Norman Golb, for impersonating another Dead Sea Scroll scholar, Lawrence Schiffman. In this guise, “Schiffman” (actually an email account Raphael Golb created in Schiffman’s name) admitted to plagiarizing the work of Raphael Golb’s father, Norman.
Norman Golb and Schiffman had been at odds in their interpretation of the scrolls. (Schiffman was not the only Scroll scholar who disagreed with Norman Golb. A recent book on the scrolls by Yale’s John Collins characterized Norman Golb’s view as “not respected in the scholarly community.”1) By the impersonating emails, Raphael Golb hoped to help his father’s case.
Raphael Golb appealed his conviction by a jury, for which the trial judge had sentenced him to six months in jail. The three-judge appellate court unanimously affirmed the conviction.
On his appeal, Raphael Golb argued that his impersonation of Schiffman was only a parody. In essence, he was only kidding, not to be taken seriously. The court rejected this argument: “The evidence clearly established that the defendant never intended any kind of parody.”
Raphael Golb also argued that his emails in Schiffman’s name were constitutionally protected free speech. This, too, the upper court rejected: “The fact that the underlying dispute between defendant and his father’s rivals was a constitutionally protected debate does not provide any First Amendment protection for acts that were otherwise unlawful … The First Amendment protects the right to criticize another person, but it does not permit anyone to give an intentionally false impression that the source of the message is that other person” [emphasis in original].
Raphael Golb made numerous other arguments, which the court summarily rejected.
Raphael Golb, who is himself a lawyer, may still appeal to New York’s highest appellate court, the New York Court of Appeals. If he loses there, he may ask the United States Supreme Court to hear his case.—H.S.
A New York appellate court has affirmed the criminal conviction of Raphael Golb, son of Dead Sea Scroll scholar Norman Golb, for impersonating another Dead Sea Scroll scholar, Lawrence Schiffman. In this guise, “Schiffman” (actually an email account Raphael Golb created in Schiffman’s name) admitted to plagiarizing the work of Raphael Golb’s father, Norman.
