016
In our previous lesson we met the six verbal patterns derived from the Qal, or simple, conjugation (see chart below). We looked first at Niphal and noted that it is the passive form of Qal, Next we met Piel, which expresses intensive action.
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Simple
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Intensive
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Causative
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Active
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Qal
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Piel
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Hiphil
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vb’K;
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vBeKi
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vyBik]hi
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“he subdued”
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“he conquered”
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“he brought into bondage”
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Passive
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Niphal
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Paul
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Hophal
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K’k]nI
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vB’Ku
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vB’k]h;
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“he was
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“he was
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“he was brought
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subdued”
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conquered”
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into bondage”
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Reflexive
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Hithpael
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(or Passive)
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vBeK’t]hi
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“he was suppressed”
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Just as Niphal is the passive form of Qal, Pual expresses the passive of Piel: rB’vu (shub-bar), “it was smashed” compared to rBevi (shib-ber), “he smashed.” The main feature of the Pual is a kubbuts ( u) under the first root letter and a dagesh in the middle root letter (see chart at center).
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Paul
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Future
will be smashed
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Present
smashed
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Past
were/was smashed
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we rB’vunÒ I rB’vua}
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I am/you are/he is (m.) rB;vum]
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we Wnr]B’vu I yTir]B’vu
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you (m.) WrB]vuT] you (m.) rB’vuT]
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I am/you are/she is (f.) tr,B,vum]
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you (m.) µT,r]B’vu you (m.) T;r]B’vu
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you (f.) hn:r]B’vuT] you (f.) yriB]vuT]
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we/you/they are (m.) µyriB;vum]
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you (f.) ÷T,r]B’vu you (f.) T]r]B’vu
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they (m.) WrB]vuyÒ he rB’vuyÒ
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we/you/they are (m.) t/rB;vum]
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they (m.) WrB]vu he rB’vu
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they (f.) hn:r]B’vuT] she rB’vuT]
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they (f.) WrB]vu she hr;B]vu
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Find the Paul form in Isaiah 27:9: Bqo[}y”ë÷/[} rP’kuyÒ taOzB] ÷kel; (la-chen bezot yechup-par avon-ya-akov) “Therefore by this shall be atoned the guilt of Jacob.”
The Hiphil usually expresses the causative action of Qal. For example, dbeK; (kaved) means “he/it is heavy.” In Hiphil the derived form, dyBik]hi (hich-biyd), means “he made (something) heavy.” The identifying marks of the Hiphil are the prefixed h and the y between the second and third root letters. The prefixed h does not appear in the present and future forms (see chart at bottom).
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Hiphil
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Future
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Present
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Past
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will make heavy
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make/makes heavy
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made heavy
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we dyBik]n”
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I dyBik]a’
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I/you/he (m.) dyBik]m’
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we Wnd]B’k]hi
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I yTid]B’k]hi
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you (m.) WdyBik]T’
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you (m.) dyBik]T’
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I/you/he (f.) hd;yBik]m’
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you (m.) µT,d]B’k]hi
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you (m.) T;d]B’k]hi
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you (f.) hn:d]Bek]T’
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you (f.) ydiyBik]T’
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we/you/they (m.) µydiyBik]m’
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you (f.) ÷T,d]B’k]hi
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you (f.) T]d]B’k]hi
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they (m.) WdyBik]y”
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he dyBik]y”
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we/you/they (f.) t/dyBik]m’
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they (m.) WdyBik]hi
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he dyBik]hi
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they (f.) hn:d]Bek]t’
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she dyBik]T’
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they (f.) WdyBik]hi
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she hd;yBik]hi
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Notice the Hiphil form in Numbers 9:13 /d[}moB] byriq]hi al¿ hwhy ÷B’r]q; yKi (ki kor-ban Adonai lo hik-riyv bemo-ado) “ … for the offering of the Lord he did not offer in its season ….”
Our next lesson will conclude the review of verb patterns with a look at the Hophal and Hithpael forms.
In our previous lesson we met the six verbal patterns derived from the Qal, or simple, conjugation (see chart below). We looked first at Niphal and noted that it is the passive form of Qal, Next we met Piel, which expresses intensive action.
