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In our two previous lessons (see Hebrew for Bible Readers, BR 08:04 and Hebrew for Bible Readers, BR 08:05) we examined the six verbal patterns derived from the Qal, or simple, conjugation (see first chart). We have studied Niphal, the passive form of Qal; Piel, which expresses intensive action; Pual, the passive form of Piel; and Hiphil, which expresses causative action.
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Simple
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Intensive
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Causative
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Active
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Qal
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Piel
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Hiphil
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vb’K;
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vBeKi
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vyBik]hi
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“he subdued”
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“he conquered”
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“he brought into bondage”
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Passive
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Niphal
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Pual
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Hophal
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B’k]nI
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vB’Ku
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vB’k]h;
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“he was subdued”
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“he was conquered”
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“he was brought into bondage”
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Reflexive (or Passive)
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Hithpael
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vBeK’t]hi
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“he was suppressed”
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Now let us turn to Hophal, the passive of Hiphil. Their active-passive relationship is similar to that of Piel and Pual. Hophal has a prefixed h followed by kamats katan, h;, “ho-,” or a kubbuts, hu, “hoo.” Thus, the Hophal of dbk is dB’k]h; (hoch-bad), “he allowed (something) to be made heavy.” As with the Hiphil, the h does not appear in the future and present tenses (see center chart).
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HOPHAL
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Future
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Present
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Past
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will allow to be heavy
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allow/allows to be heavy
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allowed to be heavy
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we DB’k]n:
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I dB’k]a;
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I/you/he (m.) dB;k]m;
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we Wnd]B’k]h;
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I yTid]B’k]h;
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you (m.) WdB]k]t;
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you (m.) dB’k]t;
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I/you/she (f.) td,B,k]m;
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you (m.) µT,d]B’k]h;
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you (m.) T;d]B’k]h;
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you (f.) hn:d]B’k]T;
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you (f.) ydiB]k]T;
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we/you/they (m.) µydiB;k]m;
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you (f.) ÷T,d]B’k]h;
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you (f.) T]d]B’k]h;
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they (m.) WdB]k]y:
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he db’k]y:
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we/you/they (f.) t/dB;k]m;
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they (m.) WdB]k]h;
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he dB’k]h;
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they (f.) hn:d]B’k]t;
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she dB’k]T;
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they (f.) WdB]k]h;
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she hd;B]k]h;
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You can easily identify the Hophal form in Isaiah 14:19: b[;t]nI rx (ve-at-tah hosh-lach-tah miq-qiv-recha kene-tser nit-av) “But you [the king of Babylon] are cast forth from your grave like a loathed branch.”
The Hitpael usually expresses a reflexive act, that is, when the subject is both the performer and recipient of the action. Thus, the Hitpael of dbk is dBeK’T]hi (hit-chab-bed), “to honor one’s self, put on airs [literally, “he made himself heavy”].” Sometimes the Hitpael seems to express simple action, as with ûLeh’t]hi (hit-hal-lech), “he walked about,” but notice the distinction between that and the simple ûl’h; (ha-lach), “he walked.” Identify the Hitpael by the prefixed ët]hi and the dagesh in the second root letter. As with the Hiphil and Hophal, the h of the prefix does not appear in the present and future forms (bottom chart).
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HITPAEL
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Future
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Present
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Past
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will put on airs
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put/puts on airs
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put on airs
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we dBeK’t]nI
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I dBeK’t]a,
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I/you/he (m.) dBeK’t]mi
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we Wnd]B’K’t]hi
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I yTid]B’K’t]hi
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you (m.) WdB]K’t]T
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you (m.) dBeK’t]Ti
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I/you/she (f.) td,B,K’t]mi
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you (m.) µT,d]B’K’t]hi
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you (m.) T;d]B’K’t]hi
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you (f.) hn:d]BeK’t]Ti
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he ydiB]K’t]ti
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we/you/they (m.) µydiB]K’t]mi
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you (f.) ÷T,d]B’K’t]hi
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you (f.) T]d]B’K’t]hi
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they (m.) WdB]K’t]yI
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he dBeK’t]yI
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we/you/they (f.) t/dB]K’t]mi
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they (m.) WdB]K’t]hi
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he dBeK’t]hi
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they (f.) hn:d]BeK’t]Ti
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she dBeK’t]Ti
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they (f.) WdB]K’t]hi
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she hd;B]K’t]hi
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Note the Hitpael form in Genesis 6:9: j’nOëûL,h’t]hi µyhilaÔh’ëta, … (… et ha-elo-hiym hit-hal-lek noah) “… with God walked Noah.”
Congratulations for making it through all the verb forms! In our next lesson we will apply what we have learned to a longer text from the Bible.
In our two previous lessons (see Hebrew for Bible Readers, BR 08:04 and Hebrew for Bible Readers, BR 08:05) we examined the six verbal patterns derived from the Qal, or simple, conjugation (see first chart). We have studied Niphal, the passive form of Qal; Piel, which expresses intensive action; Pual, the passive form of Piel; and Hiphil, which expresses causative action. Simple Intensive Causative Active Qal Piel Hiphil vb’K; vBeKi vyBik]hi “he subdued” “he conquered” “he brought into bondage” Passive Niphal Pual Hophal B’k]nI vB’Ku vB’k]h; “he was subdued” “he was conquered” “he was brought into bondage” Reflexive (or […]
