A unique menorah mosaic was recently uncovered on an ancient synagogue floor at Horvat Kur in the Galilee. Dated to the Byzantine period (fourth—seventh centuries), the mosaic depicts an elaborate seven-branched menorah (lampstand) with oil lamps resting at the top of each arm of the candelabrum. The lamp on the middle branch has its wick—and accompanying flame—in the very middle of the lamp. This type of lamp has not been attested in the archaeological record, but the lamps on the other arms of the menorah resemble well-known Byzantine types. These lamps face the center with their wicks and flames pointed toward the middle branch of the menorah.
Written across the top of the mosaic are three names: “El‘azar, son of Yudan, son of Susa [or Qoso].” The directors of the Kinneret Regional Project, who exposed this mosaic—Drs. Jürgen Zangenberg, Raimo Hakola, Byron R. McCane and Stefan Münger—think that these might be the names of prominent members of the Jewish community at Horvat Kur during the Byzantine period, or, they posit, perhaps El‘azar and his ancestors helped fund the construction of the synagogue.
The menorah became a popular symbol in synagogues during the Byzantine period, but both the Bible and archaeology demonstrate that it held significance for the Jewish people long before that.
Exodus 25:31–40 describes the golden seven-branched lampstand that was meant to illuminate the Tabernacle. We know that the Second Jerusalem Temple had a menorah similar to the one detailed in this passage. It is depicted on the Arch of Titus in Rome, which shows the vessels and articles of the Second Temple being carried off to Rome following the Roman destruction of 70 C.E.
Another representation of the menorah that stood in the Second Temple was discovered by the late Nahman Avigad. While excavating the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem’s Old City, Avigad found a menorah graffito incised in the plaster of a house wall just 300 yards from the Temple Mount. Measuring 8 inches tall, it dates to the first century B.C.E. Most scholars believe that it was inscribed by someone who had seen the menorah in the Second Temple.
A unique menorah mosaic was recently uncovered on an ancient synagogue floor at Horvat Kur in the Galilee. Dated to the Byzantine period (fourth—seventh centuries), the mosaic depicts an elaborate seven-branched menorah (lampstand) with oil lamps resting at the top of each arm of the candelabrum. The lamp on the middle branch has its wick—and accompanying flame—in the very middle of the lamp. This type of lamp has not been attested in the archaeological record, but the lamps on the other arms of the menorah resemble well-known Byzantine types. These lamps face the center with their wicks and flames […]
You have already read your free article for this month. Please join the BAS Library or become an All Access member of BAS to gain full access to this article and so much more.
