Endnote 1 – Under Siege!

For the earliest fortifications, see Lawrence H. Keeley, War Before Civilization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), and Arther Ferrill, The Origins of War (London: Thames and Hudson, 1985). For siege warfare in biblical times, see Yigael Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in the Light of Archaeological Discovery (London: McGraw-Hill, 1963).