Endnote 1 – Understanding Asherah—Exploring Semitic Iconography

For a general discussion, see William F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1942); W. L. Reed, The Asherah in the Old Testament (Fort Worth, TX: Christian Univ. Press, 1949); Albright, Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1968); Frank M. Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973); Walter A. Maier III, ‘Asherah: Extrabiblical Evidence, Harvard Semitic Monographs (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1986); John Day, “Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature,” Journal of Biblical Literature 105 (1986), pp. 385–408; Saul M. Olyan, Asherah and the Cult of Yahweh in Israel (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988).

For some different views, see Edward Lipinski, “The Goddess Attirat in Ancient Arabia, in Babylon and in Ugarit,” Orientalia Lovaniensa Periodica 3, 1972, pp. 101–119; André Lemaire, “Les Inscriptions de Khirbet el-Qom et l’Asherah de Yhwh,” Revue Biblique 84 (1977), pp. 597–608; M. Gilula, “To Yahweh Shomron and to his Asherah,” Shnaton 3 (1978–1979), pp. 129–137 (in Hebrew); Lemaire, “Who or What was Yahweh’s Asherah?” BAR 10:06; J. A. Emerton, “New Light on Israelite Religion: The Implications of the Inscriptions from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud,” Zeitschrift fur die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 94 (1982), pp. 2–20; William G. Dever, “Asherah, Consort of Yahweh? New Evidence from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 255 (1984), pp. 21–37.