Endnote 1 – When Did Ancient Israel Begin?

“Sha,” the Egyptian sign for shin, can also read “shar” or “shra,” as is the case with multiple topographical and personal names from New Kingdom Egypt. See Peter van der Veen, Christoffer Theis and Manfred Görg, “Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merneptah? A Fresh Look at Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief 21687,” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 2 (2010), pp. 15–25. This article is based largely on their article.