For a broader survey of legendary expansions and clarifications of the stories of characters from both testaments, see David A. deSilva and Victor H. Matthews, Untold Stories of the Bible (Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International, 1998). The author would like to express gratitude to Publications International for permission to incorporate material from Untold Stories in this article.

For a magisterial treatment of early Jewish and Christian expansions of Pentateuchal material, see James Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1997).