Endnote 10 – How Did the Philistines Enter Canaan? A Rejoinder

At Ashdod a scarab of Ramesses III (which previously had been attributed to Ramesses II) was found in the Philistine level XII (T. Dothan, “The Arrival of the Sea Peoples: Cultural Diversity in Early Iron Age Canaan,” in Recent Excavations in Israel Studies in Iron Age Archaeology, ed. Seymour Gitin and William G. Dever, Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 49 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989), pp. 8f). At Tel Akko a slightly earlier scarab of queen Taosert was found in connection with the Sea Peoples’ settlement on the ruins of the Canaanite city (Moshe Dothan, “Ten Seasons of Excavations at Ancient Acco,” Qadmoniot 18 [1985], pp. 10f.). One may further add the rare XIXth- or XXth-dynasty scarab depicting Hapi, the god of the Nile, found in a burial from Azor containing Philistine pottery (M. Dothan, “Azor,” in Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, 4 vol., ed. Michael Avi-Yonah and Ephraim Stern (Jerusalem: Massada, [1975–1978], vol. 1, p. 147)).