Rosemary Ruether, Women-Church (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), n. 1, p. 286. Contrast Pheme Perkins (The Gnostic Dialogue [New York: Paulist, 1980], n. 10, p. 136), who thinks that the role of Mary Magdalene in Gnostic texts is not evidence that Gnostics upheld community leadership by women. Her role, however, is not the only evidence for this.