Endnote 20 – Cow Town or Royal Capital?

Jamieson-Drake, Scribes and Schools, pp. 138–145. The chiefdom has been identified as an important stage in the development from a tribal society (sometimes called “segmentary society”) to a full-blown state. States are characterized by a greater number of institutions, a larger population, a more complex agricultural system, craft specialization, a defensive organization and a highly diversified administrative apparatus to coordinate social, religious and economic activity.