Endnote 27 – Hadrian’s Hard-Won Victory

According to Bowersock, “The Tel Shalem Arch,” pp. 171–177, the arch has nothing to do with the end of the war against Bar-Kokhba, but was erected in 130 when Hadrian visited the province; this is far from being probable, because a legion never erected an arch for the visit of an emperor; see the arguments against his solution in W. Eck, “Hadrian, the Bar Kokhba Revolt, and the Epigraphic Transmission,” in Schäfer, ed., The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, pp. 153–170.