Endnote 3 – Jews of Arabia: Ancient Inscriptions Reveal Jewish Diaspora

For a more complete survey of the available evidence, see Robert G. Hoyland, “The Jews of the Hijaz in the Qurʾān and in Their Inscriptions,” in Gabriel Said Reynolds, ed., New Perspectives on the Qurʾān: The Qurʾān in Its Historical Context 2 (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 91–116.