Endnote 30 – Israel in Egypt: The Egyptian Sojourn and the Exodus

For an opposing view, see Rainey, “Unruly Elements in Late Bronze Canaanite Society,” in David P. Wright, David Noel Freedman and Avi Hurvitz, eds., Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1995), p. 483: “The plethora of attempts to find some way to relate ’apiré to the gentilic ‘ibrî are all nothing but wishful thinking.” Cf. Na’aman, “Habiru and Hebrews”, p. 278: “The etymological relationship of the term ‘Habiru of the ancient Near Eastern texts and the biblical term ‘ibri can be established reasonably securely.”