Endnote 4 – Child Sacrifice at Carthage—Religious Rite or Population Control?

For summaries of the Tophet excavations (1976–79), see L. E. Stager, “Carthage: A View from the Tophet” in Phönizier im Westen, ed. by H. G. Niemeyer, Madrider Beiträge 8 (1982), pp. 155–166; also “The Rite of Child Sacrifice at Carthage” in New Light on Ancient Carthage, ed. by J. G. Pedley (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1980), pp. 1–11. For the commercial and naval harbors, see Henry Hurst and L. E. Stagar, “A Metropolitan Landscape: The Late Punic Port of Carthage,” World Archaeology 9 (1978), pp. 334–346.