Endnote 4 – Pontius Pilate

This is likely the Antonia Fortress adjacent to the Temple precincts. See Ehud Netzer, The Palaces of the Hasmoneans and Herod the Great (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2001), pp. 123—125. Its close proximity to the sanctuary may have contributed to confusion in later periods in both Jewish and Christian memories. See Megillat Ta’anit 9: “On the third of Kislev the ensigns were removed from the [Temple] court.” Eusebius, quoting Philo, remarks that it was in the Temple that Pilate set up the standards at night (Proof of the Gospel 8.2.123).