See Marcel Simon, “Remarques sur les synagogues à images de Doura et de Palestine,” Recherches d’histoire Judéo-Chretienne (Paris: Mouton, 1962), pp. 188–198, 204–208; and Herbert Kessler, “A Response to Christianity?” in Kurt Weitzmann and Kessler, The Frescoes of the Dura Synagogue and Christian Art (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 1990), pp. 178–183.