Endnote 5 – Bringing Miriam Out of the Shadows

In scholarly literature, Exodus 15:1–18 is most often called the “Song of the Sea” and Exodus 15:21 the “Song of Miriam.” Following Cross and Freedman (see endnote 4), many scholars now attribute the Song of the Sea to Miriam (not to Moses, as tradition holds) and thus designate both Exodus 15:1–18 and Exodus 15:21 the Song of Miriam. By contrast, the Song of Moses is Deuteronomy 32:1–43, and the Blessing of Moses is Deuteronomy 33:2–29.