Sidney Griffith observes that only the Orthodox Christians of Syria-Palestine who agreed with the fifth-century Church Council of Chalcedon were concerned about images. Christians in other Muslim-ruled areas—such as the Monophysites in Egypt—expressed no interest in images in their writings. See Sidney Griffith, “Theodore Abu Qurrah’s Arabic Tract on the Christian Practice of Venerating Images,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 105 (1985), pp. 53–73; and “Images, Islam and Christian Icons,” in Pierre Canivet and Jean-Paul Rey-Coquais, eds., La Syrie de Byzance à l’Islam VIIe-VIIIe siècles (Damascus: Institut Français di Damas, 1992), pp. 121–138.