Endnote 8 – The Question of Israelite Literacy

Clear examples in Emil G. Kraeling, Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1953), pp. 123ff., pl. 21; each document bore a single seal, except for no. 10 which had two. Fourth-century papyri from Wadi Daliyeh may have had as many as seven seals; see Frank Moore Cross, “The Discovery of the Samaria Papyri,” BA 26 (1963), pp. 111ff., p. 115, Fig. 3; p. 120, Fig. 5. See also, Avigad, Hebrew Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1986).