Footnote 4 – How I Found a Fourth-Century B.C. Papyrus Scroll on My First Time Out!

The Talmud (tahl-MOOD) is a collection of Jewish laws and teachings comprising the Mishnah and the Gemarah (a commentary on the Mishnah). There are two Talmuds. The Palestinian (or Jerusalem) Talmud was completed in the mid-fifth century; the Babylonian Talmud, completed in the mid-sixth century, became authoritative.