Benjamin Mazar, director of the excavations along the southern and southwestern walls of the Temple Mount, pictured here at the southern wall, 1968. Three major excavations have been conducted in Jerusalem since 1968: Mazar’s, Shiloh’s at the City of David, and Nahman Avigad’s in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City. Shiloh was Mazar’s student at Hebrew University’s Institute of Archaeology.