Inside the Cave of Letters. In 1960 and 1961 four Israeli archaeological teams, spurred by the continued appearance of ancient Hebrew manuscripts, fanned out across the Judean Desert to explore its caves. Yigael Yadin, who would become Israel’s best-known excavator, led his team to the Cave of Letters, which had been explored seven years earlier by Aharoni. Yadin’s search proved far more successful, yielding numerous extraordinary finds, which are marked on the plan.