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Influential Biblical scholar Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918) applied the 19th-century ideas of nationalism, historical progress and Darwinism to religious institutions, society and civilizations. His work, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel (1878), propounded theories on the authorship of different sections of the Bible. His theories acknowledged and addressed the importance of placing the Bible in its context—understanding the whole work helped understanding the parts.