MINTED RESISTANCE. Coins from both the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 C.E.) and the Second Jewish Revolt (132–135 C.E.) against Rome found near the synagogue further support the identification of Umm el-‘Umdan as an ancient Jewish village. The coin from the First Jewish Revolt (not pictured) is inscribed “Year 2 of the Freedom of Zion.” The coin from the Second Jewish Revolt (shown here), or the Bar-Kokhba Revolt, bears the inscription “Year 2 of the Freedom of Israel.”