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COURTESY OF DAVID M. RUBENSTEIN RARE BOOK AND MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY, DUKE UNIVERSITY

SONG OF THE SEA is preserved in this incomplete and hard-to read sheet of Exodus 13:19-16:1. Housed today in a special library collection at Duke University, it is known after its donors as Ashkar-Gilson no. 2. This fragment may date before 800 C.E., but it cannot be read without the help of modern imaging and viewing technologies.