COURTESY OF THE ISRAEL ANTIQUITIES AUTHORITY

THEODOTUS INSCRIPTION. Excavated from a cistern in Jerusalem, this inscription commemorates the rebuilding of a synagogue in Jerusalem by Theodotus, son of Vettenus. The synagogue functioned while the Temple was still standing, prior to its destruction in 70 C.E. The Greek inscription references accommodating those who have been abroad, which suggests that the synagogue was largely intended for Jewish pilgrims.