I A = Kenyon’s Proto-Urban A
I B = Kenyon’s Proto-Urban B
I C = Kenyon’s EB I
2850
II
2550
III
2300
IV = Intermediate Bronze I (Kenyon’s Intermediate EB)
ca. 2050–1550
MIDDLE BRONZE
2050
I = Intermediate Bronze II (Kenyon’s Intermediate MB)
1900
II A = Kenyon’s MB I
1750
II B
1650
II C
ca. 1550–1200
LATE BRONZE
1550
I
1400
II A
1300
II B
ca. 1200–918
IRON I
1200
A
1150
B
1000
C
ca. 918–587
IRON II
918
A
722
B
587–539
EXILIC
539–332
PERSIAN
539
Early
480
Late
332–63
HELLENISTIC
332
Early (Ptolemaic)
198
Late (Seleucid)
167
(Hasmonean)
63 B.C.–324 A.D.
ROMAN
63
Early
(Herodian 37–4 B.C.)
(Fall of Jerusalem 70 A.D.)
135 A.D.
Late
(Second Jewish Revolt 135 A.D.)
324–630 A.D.
BYZANTINE
324
Early (Constantine I 324–337)
491
Late (Justinian I 527–565)
630–1516
ARABIC/ISLAMIC (Muhammed 630)
1250
Mamluk
661
Umayyad
750
Abbasid
969
Fatimid (Crusades 1099–1291)
1174
Ayyubid
1516–1918
TURKISH OTTOMAN
1918–1948
MANDATE
1948–present
ISRAEL/JORDAN
The Relevance of Biblical Archaeology
“The relevance of what we do must be conceived of in general terms. We are seeking answers to ultimate questions: Who is man? What is man? Why is man? And what can man become? However dimly or clearly man has perceived these concerns in the past, human intellect over the centuries has groped for the answers to these ultimate concerns in generation after generation. The story of the search is written in the dusty remains which we excavate and in the written records which we decipher. It is our task to perceive the relationships between what we do and the ongoing quest for answers to these ultimate concerns.”
Keith N. Schoville, Department of Hebrew and Semitic Studies, University of Wisconsin, from “The Problem of Relevancy,” Newsletter of The American Schools of Oriental Research, July–August 1976.
