Footnotes

1.

Joshua 15:13–19=Judges 1:11–15.

2.

Joshua 15:20–63; see especially verse 49.

Endnotes

1.

Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine and in the Adjacent Regions (London: Crocker and Brewster, 1874), p. 449.

2.

William F. Albright, The Archeology of Palestine, and the Bible (Cambridge, Massachusetts: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1935), p. 79.

3.

Actually Heshbon/Tell Hesban represents somewhat of a pattern for the “conquest cities.” Also in the cases of Jericho/Tell es-Sultan, Arad/Tell Arad, Ai/et-Tell and Yarmuth/Tell el-Yarmuk—excavations at what appear to be the most likely candidate sites for cities supposedly conquered by Joshua produced little or no Late Bronze Age remains. For a detailed discussion of this matter, see J. Maxwell Miller, “Archaeology and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan: Some Methodological Observations,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 109 (1977), pp. 87–93; and “Israelite Occupation of Canaan,” in J. H. Hayes and Miller, Israelite and Judean History (London: SCM Press, 1977), pp. 213–284.

4.

Moshe Kochavi, “An Ostracon of the Period of the Judges from Izbet Sartah,” Tel Aviv 4 (1977), pp. 1–13.

5.

For a more detailed examination, see Miller, “Site Identification: A Problem Area in Contemporary Biblical Scholarship,” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 99 (1983), pp. 119–129.

6.

Kochavi and Aaron Demsky, “An Israelite Village from the Days of the Judges,” BAR 04:03

7.

Kyle McCarter, “I Samuel,” Anchor Bible 8 (Garden City, NY, 1980), p. 105.

8.

Jerome Murphy-O’Connor, The Holy Land: An Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1980), p. 210.

9.

Oxford Bible Atlas, 3rd ed., revised by John Day (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1984).