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Endnotes
Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine and in the Adjacent Regions (London: Crocker and Brewster, 1874), p. 449.
William F. Albright, The Archeology of Palestine, and the Bible (Cambridge, Massachusetts: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1935), p. 79.
Actually Heshbon/Tell Hesban represents somewhat of a pattern for the “conquest cities.” Also in the cases of Jericho/Tell es-Sultan, Arad/Tell Arad, Ai/et-Tell and Yarmuth/Tell el-Yarmuk—excavations at what appear to be the most likely candidate sites for cities supposedly conquered by Joshua produced little or no Late Bronze Age remains. For a detailed discussion of this matter, see J. Maxwell Miller, “Archaeology and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan: Some Methodological Observations,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 109 (1977), pp. 87–93; and “Israelite Occupation of Canaan,” in J. H. Hayes and Miller, Israelite and Judean History (London: SCM Press, 1977), pp. 213–284.
Moshe Kochavi, “An Ostracon of the Period of the Judges from Izbet Sartah,” Tel Aviv 4 (1977), pp. 1–13.
For a more detailed examination, see Miller, “Site Identification: A Problem Area in Contemporary Biblical Scholarship,” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 99 (1983), pp. 119–129.
Kochavi and Aaron Demsky, “An Israelite Village from the Days of the Judges,” BAR 04:03
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor, The Holy Land: An Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1980), p. 210.