Is This the Prophet Isaiah’s Signature?
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Endnotes
1. The site of the Ophel is part of the Walls Around Jerusalem National Park under the auspices of the Nature and Parks Authority. The renewed Ophel excavations from 2009 to 2013 were directed by Eilat Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and funded by the generous donations made by Daniel Mintz and Meredith Berkman of New York.
2. Eilat Mazar, Discovering the Solomonic Wall in Jerusalem (Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2011); Eilat Mazar, “The Solomonic (Early Iron Age IIA) Royal Quarter of the Ophel,” in Eilat Mazar, ed., The Ophel Excavations to the South of the Temple Mount 20092013 (Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2015), pp. 459–474.
3. Eilat Mazar, The Palace of King David. Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005–2007 (Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2009), p. 67.
4. Eilat Mazar, “The Stepped Stone Structure,” in Eilat Mazar, ed., The Summit of the City of David Excavations 2005–2008 (Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2015), pp. 169–188.
5. Eilat Mazar and Benjamin Mazar, Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount, the Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem, Qedem 29 (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1989), pp. 29–48; Mazar, Discovering the Solomonic Wall, pp. 53–100.
6. The excavations in Area A2009 were supervised by Hagai Cohen-Klonymus. The contents of especially significant loci were sent to the wet-sifting facility in Emek Ẓurim, directed by Dr. Gabriel Barkay and Zachi Dvira under the auspices of the Nature and Parks Authority and the Ir David Foundation.
7. The study of the Hebrew bullae from the Ophel excavations was carried out jointly with Reut Livyatan Ben-Arie and will be published in 2018 in the second volume of the renewed Ophel excavations series.
8. Eilat Mazar, “A Seal Impression of King Hezekiah from the Ophel Excavations,” in Mazar, ed., Ophel Excavations, pp. 629–640.
9. I would like to thank Professor Shmuel Ahituv and Dr. Haggai Misgav, profound and erudite epigraphists with whom I consulted and shared my thoughts.
11. In Area A2009. See Tallay Ornan, “The Beloved Neehevet, and Other Does: Reflections on the Motif of Grazing or Browsing Wild Horned Animals,” in Israel Finkelstein, Christian Robin, and Thomas Römer, eds., Alphabets, Texts and Artifacts in the Ancient Near East: Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass (Paris: Van Dieren, 2016), pp. 279–302.
12. Harry Torczyner et al., Lachish I: The Lachish Letters (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1938), pp. 50–51.
14. Nahman Avigad, Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1997), nos. 227, 379, 693; Robert Deutsch, Biblical Period Hebrew Bullae: The Josef Chaim Kaufman Collection, vol. 2 (Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center Publications, 2011), no. 434.
15. In Lachish Stratum II. See Yohanan Aharoni et al., Lachish V: Investigations at Lachish. The Sanctuary and the Residency (Tel Aviv: Gateway, 1975), pp. 19–22, nos. 6–7.
17. Yair Shoham, “Hebrew Bullae,” in Donald T. Ariel, ed., The City of David Excavations: Inscriptions, vol. 6, Qedem 41 (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 2000), pp. 35–36.